Inside the Volcano
The hot, liquid rock that is found in the center of the earth.
Magma
A bowl shaped area that formed around a volcano's central opening
crater
The ring of volcanoes that circle the Pacific Ocean from the tip of South America, along the west coast of the U.S., through Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula, down through Japan, Indonesia, and the islands in the South Pacific.
Pacific Ring of Fire
an underwater mountain that rises at least 1000 meters above the sea floor. Some seamounts rise above the water's surface. Most seamounts are volcanic in orgin; only a few are non-volcanic (caused by uplifting).
sea mount
rock is rock that has formed from sediment.
Sedimentary Rock
The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
Magma Chamber
The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano's vent
Lava Flow
rock fragments ejected from volcanoes
cinders
a very common mineral composed of silicon and oxygen (SiO2). Silicates make up about 95% of the Earth's crust.
Silica
rocks that have formed (and cooled slowly) beneath the surface of the Earth.
Igneous Rock OR Intrusive Rocks
A mountain composed of cooled lava built up by repeated eruptions.
Volcano
Liquid magma that reaches the surface as the rock formed when liquid lava hardens
Lava
Large cone-shaped mountains with steep sides. Eruptions from composite cones are violent, sending up volcanic bombs, cinders, and ash. A quiet volcanic flow usually follows the explosion and helps to build up the mountain. Examples of these include Mount Fuji (Japan), Mount St Helens (USA) and Mount Pinatubo and Mount Mayon (Philippines).
Composite Volcanoes
a composite volcano
Strato Volcano
supercontinent consisting of all of Earth's land masses. It existed during the Permian and Jurassic period.
Pangea
The opening in the earth that allows the magma to flow out on the earth's surface.
Vent
scientists who study volcanoes. They monitor volcanoes to try to warn people when eruptions are about to occur and to learn more about how the earth works.
Volcanologists
A volcano that covers a large area, is dome-shaped, and has gently sloping sides. The lava is dark, thin, and runny so it flows quietly from the vent. Kanlaon Volcano and Mt. Mariveles are examples of this.
Shield Volcano
phenomenon in which one part of the Earth's crust (a plate) is pushed underneath another plate as two plates collide. The descending crust melts as it is pushed deep into the Earth's mantle. Subduction destroys crust and recycles it back into the mantle.
Subduction
is an indonesian term for mudflow. It is flowing mixture of volcanoc debris and water
Lahar
a long tube through which magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface
Pipe
an opening in the side of a volcano through which volcanic materials (like lava, gases, and pyroclastic debris) erupt.
Side Vent
Small mountains with steep sides that blow cinders and rock particles into the air when they erupt. Mount Babuyan and Taal Volcano are examples of this.
Cinder Cone
An enormous volcano that is an order of magnitude larger than ordinary volcanoes. A super volcano occurs when a huge magma chamber in the Earth's crust erupts after being under great pressure, causing a large caldera to form as the land over the magma chamber collapses.
Super Volcano
a volcano that is not likely to erupt again.
Extinct Volcano