Types
erupts volcanic ash and rock fragments called cinders
cinder-cone
emitted as a variety of gases producing a poisonous cloud near the vent
gaseous ejecta
molten rock
magma
magma trapped between layers of rock, yet unlike sills, bulges the overlying rocks upward to produce a dome-like intrusion
laccolith
this kind of volcano has erupted within recorded history
this kind of volcano is currently producing seismic activity
active
broad, gently sloping sides
produces highly fluid lava
shield
molten rock that flows from a volcano
Liquid Ejecta or Lava
the channel through which gases, ashes, and rock are ejected
vent
huge bowl-shaped depressions in the surface created by the collapse of an emptied magma chamber that collapsed from its own weight
caldera
forms when the surface of a large lava flow hardens, yet lava continues to flow beneath the hardened portion.
lava tunnels
produces both cinders and lava
symmetrical, wide-based mountain
composite
particles or blocks of solid volcanic ejecta
(not volcanic blocks)
pyroclasts
reservoir of magma
magma chamber
similar to laccoliths, but much larger
Batholith
circum-Pacific belt consisting of over half of the world's active volcanoes
Ring of Fire
a volcano that will probably not erupt again
extinct
pyroclastic flow
conical mountain produced by the accumulation of solid materials ejected from a volcano
cone
magma hardening in a vertical crack or fissure forming a vertical sheet-like mass of igneous rock
dike
the study of volcanoes and volcano-related phenomena
volcanology
an inactive volcano that could erupt again
dormant
lava that solidifies almost instantly and forms rounded structures resembling pillows
pillow lava
bowl-shaped depression that surrounds the vent
crater
magma squeezes between two layers of rock forming a horizontal sheet-like mass of igneous rock
sill
an opening in the earth's surface through which hot gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth's interior
volcano