Earthquakes/volcanoes
A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
what is an Earthquake
a transverse or longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth
what is a body wave
a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano
what is pyroclastic flow
an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gasses escape.
what is a volcano
1. The point where the rocks start to fracture. It is the origin of the earthquake.
2.This is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the focus of an earthquake.
1. what is the focus
2. what is the epicenter
This theory is an explanation for how energy is released during an earthquake
What is elastic rebound theory
a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface
what is a surface wave
The size or extent of an earthquake
what is magnitude
the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed. found beneath the surface of the Earth
what is magma
1. an area of the Earth's surface where seismographs cannot detect direct P waves and/or S waves from an earthquake
2.The area in which there are several closely spaced faults
1. what is a shadow zone
2. what is a fault zone
a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth
what is a magma chamber
a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth
what is a P wave
This measures how fast the lava is being produced
what is intensity
hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
what is lava
1. an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration.
2.a record produced by a seismograph.
1. what is a seismograph
2. what is a seismogram
mixture of rock, mineral, and glass particles expelled from a volcano during a volcanic eruption.
what is volcanic ash
a transverse earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth
what is a S wave
a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions
what is Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
when gas and/or lava are released from a volcano—sometimes explosively.
what is a volcanic eruption
1. This is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.
2. a landform consisting of a hole or depression on a planetary surface, usually caused either by an object hitting the surface, or by geological activity on the planet.
1. what is a tsunami
2. what is a crater
the place at the Earth's surface where lava flows, tephra (pyroclastic materials consisting of volcanic ash, lapilli, or bombs), and fragmented rocks are erupted.
what is a vent
a rain of airborne ash resulting from a volcanic eruption.
what is ashfall
a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano
what is lahar
a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption
what is a caldera
1. a triangle-shaped hill formed as material from volcanic eruptions piles up around the volcanic vent, or opening in Earth's crust.
2. a vent in the surface of the Earth or another rocky planet from which hot volcanic gasses and vapors are emitted, without any accompanying liquids or solids.
3.outpourings of molten rock from a vent onto Earth's surface during an effusive volcanic eruption.
1. what is a volcanic cone
2. what is a fumarole
3.what is lava flow