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Causes of Volcanoes
Effects of Volcanoes
Geologic Time Scale
How Earth Changes
Miscellaneous
100
Where is the molten material stored inside a volcano?
Magma chamber
100
What comes out of a volcano?
Lava
100
Are the oldest time periods at the top or the bottom of the geologic time scale?
Bottom
100
What are two common events at plate boundaries?
Earthquakes and volcanoes
100
In what Geologic Period are we currently?
Quaternary
200
70% of volcanoes occur in this circle around the Pacific Ocean.
Ring of Fire
200
What kind of volcano has an explosive eruption?
Stratovolcano or composite volcano
200
How long ago did the Devonian Period begin?
416 million years ago
200
Give an example of a change in the atmosphere.
Increase or decrease in temperature, increase or decrease in oxygen, increase or decrease in dust, storms
200
What does it mean for a volcano to be extinct?
The volcano is not erupting anymore, and scientists have reason to believe that it will never erupt again.
300
Gases and heat in the magma cause _________________ to build up and push the lava out of the volcano.
Pressure
300
What happens to lava after it cools?
It hardens into rock/new crust.
300
What is a mass extinction?
When many different types of plants, animals, and other organisms die off completely, so there are none of that kind left.
300
What happened to the biosphere when a huge meteor hit 65 million years ago?
A mass extinction, including the dinosaurs
300
How is a volcano a system?
There are many parts working together, including the magma chamber, the throat, and the vent.
400
Some volcanoes happen over areas where magma comes from deep within the mantle. What are these called?
Hot spot
400
What is the most dangerous effect of volcanoes to humans?
Pyroclastic flow: mud, rock slides
400
How do scientists study what types of organisms lived millions of years ago?
They look at fossils.
400
The ocean floor under the Atlantic Ocean is expanding. What kind of boundary is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean?
A divergent boundary
400
How did bacteria and plants make it possible for animals to survive?
They added oxygen to the atmosphere.
500
Most volcanoes happen at a convergent boundary, where an oceanic plate goes under a continental plate. This is a ___________________ zone.
Subduction
500
Describe how a hot spot can make a chain of islands.
Lava erupts from a hot spot, cools, and builds up into an island. Over millions of years, the plate moves, so lava erupts in a new place on the crust and builds another island.
500
What three geologic periods are in the Mesozoic Era?
Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
500
Where might the continents be in another 200 million years?
Together again in one large land mass
500
If you found a fossil of wood in Antarctica from 100 million years ago, what could you infer about the climate of Antarctica 100 million years ago?
The fossil is evidence that trees once grew in Antarctica. Trees can't grow there now, because it is so cold and dry, so the climate must have been warmer and moister in Antarctica 100 million years ago.