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Types of Volcanoes
Other Effects
Types of Magma
Activity
Other
100
A tall mountain created from cooled lava, cinders, and ash. It's loose tephra is prone to dangerous mudflow and debris. e.g. Mt. Fuji (Japan), Mount. St Helens (US), Mayon Volcano (Philippines), Mount Visuvius (Italy), and Stromboli (Italy)
What is a stratovolcano?
100
Pose threat to aircraft by blocking the view. Sometimes it becomes so heavy in the air, it's hard to breath.
What is volcanic ash?
100
When magma contains 52%-63% silica.
What is intermediate composition?
100
There are around 500 _ volcanoes (most of them are in Ring of Fire) and about 50 of them erupt every year. The U.S. is home to 50 _ volcanoes. About 500 million people live near _ volcanoes.
What is an active volcano?
100
Developed under icecaps, these volcanoes are made of flat lava that flows on top of pillow lava and palagonite. When the icecap melts, the lava on top collapses, leaving a flat topped mountain AKA tuya/morbergs. e.g. Tuya Butte (B.C.), these volcanoes are also found in Iceland
What are subglacial volcanoes?
200
Formed by low viscosity magma that can flow a large distance away from the main vent. Doesn't explode much. Magma being low in silica means that they are more of oceanic than continental volcanoes. Common in Iceland and Hawaii.
What is a shield volcano?
200
Made of molten volcanic ash too heavy to go up into the air, so they hug the volcano's slopes and travel far from their vents during large eruptions. Temperatures as high as 1,200 °C are known to happen in them. e.g. Alaska's Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (formed by the eruption of Novarupta near Katmai in 1912)
What is a pyroclastic flow (ignimbrites)?
200
When magma contains 45%-52% silica. Less thick than rhyolitic lavas, depending on their eruption temperature and tend to be hotter than felsic lava.
What is mafic/basaltic magma?
200
It's hard to decide if a volcano is extinct or _. If a volcano is _ they are not erupting for some time, but will erupt again in the future.
What is a dormant volcano?
200
These volcanoes are created by geo-excreted liquids/gas. There are several steps on how a mud volcano came to be, but the biggest one would be 10km in diameter and 700m tall.
What are mud volcanoes?
300
Common on ocean floors, although active in shallow waters to. Some lay so deep, the pressure of water stops them from releasing fumes. Rapid cooling water, compared to air, and increased buoyancy stops the eruptions from disturbing the ocean surface. Some become so large, they go over the ocean as islands!
What is a submarine volcano?
300
One effect that volcanoes have on the environment is that it provides nutrients to the surrounding soil. Volcanic ash contains minerals that are good for plants, and if it is very small ash it'll be able to break down quickly and get mixed into the soil.
What is a good thing that volcano eruptions bring?
300
Magma that contains only 45% or lower of silica. They're ultramafic lava flows, and are very rare. They're the hottest and most fluid lava.
What is komatiites magma?
300
Volcanoes are those that scientists believe will never erupt again for different reasons.
What is an extinct volcano?
300
Felsic, mafic/basaltic, intermediate composition, rhyolitic, and komatiites.
What are the 5 types of magma?
400
Result from eruption that only erupted small pieces of scoria and pyroclastics that build up around vent. Short eruptions (30-400m high), most only erupt once. May form as flank vents on other volcanoes, or occur on their own. e.g. Paricutin (Mexico), Sunset Crater (Arizona), and Caja Del Rio (New Mexico)
What is a cinder cone?
400
A mixture of particles and gas emitted by an eruption. May reach heights of 80 km in large eruptions. Can travel all around the world, covering cities with ash.
What is a volcanic plume?
400
Rough and clinker surface, usual surface of viscous lava (although mafic can erupt as it) It's a Hawaiian word.
What is A'a?
400
A dormant volcano is inactive for some time, and extinct volcano is a volcano deemed by scientists that will never erupt again.
What is the difference between a dormant volcano and a extinct volcano?
400
Venus is made of 90% basalt, making it easy for it to have volcanoes.
Why does Venus have volcanoes?
500
A large volcano that usually has a large caldera that can produce a devastation on a big (sometimes continental) scale. Eruptions could cause global temperature cooling for years after because of huge amounts of sulfur and ash erupted. They're the most dangerous type of volcano, these volcanoes are hard to identify years later because of the enormous area they cover. e.g. Yellowstone Caldera (Yellowstone National Park), Valles Caldera (New Mexico), Lake Taupo (New Zealand), Lake Toba (Indonesia), and Ngorogoro Crater (Tanzania)
What is a supervolcano?
500
Usually comes with an eruption of a volcano. You do drills at school. Tectonic plates colliding with each other.
What is an earthquake?
500
Smooth, ropey, or wrinkly surface, found in more fluid lava flows. Commonly only mafic erupts as pahoehoe because of high temperatures/have the proper chemicals to make them. It's a Hawaiian word.
What is Pahoehoe?
500
There are about 1,500 possible active volcanoes.
How many possible active volcanoes are there?
500
5 layers. The crust, the upper mantle, the lower mantle, outer core, and the inner core.
How many layers does the Earth have?