Volcanoes

Explosive vs. Non-explosive

100

What factors determine whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or non-explosive? (1a) A. the location of the magma chamber B. the composition of the magma C. the location of the volcano D. the age of the volcano

What is: B. the composition of the magma

200

Which of the following combinations would produce a non-explosive volcanic eruption? (1c) A. low levels of silica, gas and water B. high levels of silica, gas and water C. medium levels of silica, gas and water D. none of the above

What is A. low levels of silica, gas and water

300

2. Volcanic eruptions that are explosive have which of the following characteristics? (1a) A. clouds of pyroclastic material B. high level of pressure in the volcano’s interior C. large lava flows D. most common type of volcanic eruption E. both A and B F. All of the above

What is E. both A and B

400

Which of the following combinations would produce an explosive volcanic eruption? (1c) A. low levels of silica, gas and water B. high levels of silica, gas and water C. medium levels of silica, gas and water D. none of the above

What is B. high levels of silica, gas and water

500

Pyroclastic material forms when which of the following occurs? (1e) A. lava flows calmly from crack in the Earth’s crust B. magma remains underground too long C. magma explodes into the air and hardens D. lava flows underwater

What is C. magma explodes into the air and hardens

Features and Structures

100

Which of the following geologic features and its description is incorrect? (1b) A. vent: an opening in the surface of the Earth through which volcanic gases pass B. magma chamber: the body of molten rock that feeds a volcano C. lava: molten rock that flows onto the Earth’s surface D. magma: molten rock that flows under the Earth’s surface E. pyroclastic material: pieces of magma that cool underground

What is E. pyroclastic material: pieces of magma that cool underground

200

Which of the following types of lava and its description are incorrect? (1d) A. aa lava: brittle, jagged pieces B. pahoehoe lava: waxy, glassy surface C. pillow lava: round, pillow-like lumps D. pumice lava: smooth, watery E. blocky lava: sharp-edged chunks

What is D. pumice lava: smooth, watery

300

Which of the following types of pyroclastic material and its description is incorrect? (1e) A. volcanic bombs: large blobs of magma B. lapilli: pebble-like bits of magma C. volcanic blocks: large pieces of solid rock D. pahoehoe: waxy droplets of magma E. volcanic ash: glasslike slivers of exploding gas bubbles

What is D. pahoehoe: waxy droplets of magma

400

Which of the following types of geologic structures created by volcanoes and its description is incorrect? (2c) A. caldera: a large, semicircular depression over a magma chamber B. lava plateau: a narrow, uneven landform; usually covers a small area C. crater: funnel-shaped pit near a volcano’s central vent D. rift: long cracks in the Earth’s crust

What is B. lava plateau: a narrow, uneven landform; usually covers a small area

500

Which of the following structures (relating to the formation and movement of magma) and its definition is incorrect? (3a) A. hot spot: volcanically inactive places on Earth’s surface that located at plate boundaries B. mantle plumes: rising columns of magma C. mid-ocean ridges: underwater mountain chains that provide a place for magma to surface D. rift: long cracks in the Earth’s crust through which magma flows

What is A. hot spot: volcanically inactive places on Earth’s surface that located at plate boundaries

Climate and Prediction Methods

100

Which of these describes a possible climate change caused by a volcanic eruption? (2a) A. Temperatures rise because of the heat coming from lava B. Scorched land creates drought conditions C. Ash blocks sunlight, causing temperatures to drop D. Volcanic eruptions rarely affect climate

What is C. Ash blocks sunlight, causing temperatures to drop

200

Which of the following can result in volcanic ash being ejected into the atmosphere? (2a) A. The ash can suffocate plants and animals, causing them to die B. People can suffer from breathing problems C. The global temperature will increase D. Airports can be shut down to avoid ash clogging the engines and causing planes to crash E. A, B, D F. All of the above

What is E. A, B, D

300

If a volcanic eruption covered farmland with several meters of ash, which of the following could be said about the ash? (2a) A. It would be an effective fertilizer, causing record crop yields B. It would smother the crops and possibly lead to food shortages C. It would be a nuisance, but it could be easily removed D. Farmers would mix it with water and use it as a substitute for concrete

What is B. It would smother the crops and possibly lead to food shortages

400

A benefit to society of volcano research is that it allows scientists to (3c) A. measure volcanic gases. B. measure temperature changes. C. prevent volcanoes from erupting. D. better predict volcanic eruptions.

What is D. better predict volcanic eruptions.

500

Which of the following is used to predict volcanic eruptions and its description is incorrect? (3c) A. tiltmeter: used to detect small changes in the angle of a volcano’s slope B. infrared satellites: used to record changes in the surface temperature and gas emissions C. GPS satellites: used to detect changes in a volcano’s slope D. gas meter: used to study the volume and composition of volcanic gases

What is D. gas meter: used to study the volume and composition of volcanic gases

Types and Categories

100

Which of the following types of volcanoes and its description are incorrect? (2b) A. shield volcanoes: very large, gentle slopes, formed from non-explosive eruptions B. cinder cone volcanoes: small, steep-sided, found in clusters, erodes quickly, short eruptions C. caldera volcanoes: large, flat, explosive eruptions D. composite volcano: alternating explosive/non-explosive eruptions, very common

What is C. caldera volcanoes: large, flat, explosive eruptions

200

Which of the following categories of volcanoes and its description are incorrect? (2b) A. extinct: has not erupted in recorded history B. active: is currently erupting C. intermediate: goes through periods of eruption and non-eruption D. dormant: has not erupted in recently, but may erupt in the future

What is C. intermediate: goes through periods of eruption and non-eruption

300

The Hawaiian Islands were formed by which of the following? A. mantle plume B. rift zone C. subduction zone D. hot spot E. both A and B F. both A and D

What is F. both A and D

400

The Icelandic volcanoes were formed by which of the following? A. rift zone B. subduction zone C. hot spot D. mantle plume

What is A. rift zone

500

The volcanoes located in the Pacific Northwest of the United States were formed by which of the following? A. rift zone B. hot spot C. subduction zone D. mantle plumes

What is C. subduction zone

Cause, Effect & Patterns

100

What two things must occur in order for magma to form?

What is the pressure must decrease and the temperature must increase

200

What is the relationship between the size of pyroclastic material and the distance it is found from the volcano?

What is the larger pieces fall closest to the volcano an the smaller pieces fall further from the volcano.

300

Magma that is watery and flows easily has a low ______, which magma that is thick and flows slowly, has a high ________.

What is viscosity

400

What two variables determine the density of a tectonic plate?

What is mass and volume

500

What causes chains of volcanoes to form on continental crust?

What is subduction zones