Basic Definitions
A sound produced without significant constriction in vocal tract and are typically voiced
What is a Vowel
Determine where the tongue is horizontally. State how we describe this:
What is Advancement
–Front, central, back
Vowels produced close to the roof of the mouth; close vowels
High
From high to low state the front vowels
What is
/i/ /ɪ/ /e/ /ɛ/ /æ/
State the phases in speech production
Respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance
Sounds that have a more open articulation than consonants, but not as open as for vowels, and cannot be the nucleus of a syllable
What is a Semivowel/Glide
Determining how high the tongue is in relation to the roof of the mouth and state how the describe it
What is Height
–High, high-mid, mid, low-mid, low
Produced in-between, by varying degrees
All front vowels in English are:
What is Unrounded
System that is involves the airflow supporting speech
What is the Respiratory System
A pure vowel with one single, unchanging sound quality. It is represented by one symbol in IPA
What is a Monophthong
Determining whether the lips are rounded or not and state how we describe it
What is Rounding
Rounded or Unrounded
Produced with the jaw open, the tongue low/depressed; open vowels
What is Low vowels
State the parameters of / i/
and state an example
high front tense unrounded vowel
Examples: feet, meat, sheet, heat
The laryngeal system is the sound source and creates ____ which is when vocal folds vibrate and create sound
What is Phonation
A vowel produced with a gradually changing quality and is represented in IPA with two symbols
What is a Diphthong
Degree of muscle activity involved in articulation and duration; determining how much tension there is in the tongue movement and whether the sound longer or shorter
What is Tenseness/length
These vowels tend to have more muscle activity and are longer; can occur in open or closed syllables
What is Tense vowels
State the position of the jaw and velum in the /i/
The jaw is held in a closed position and the velum is held in high position
State the path of airflow
Lungs - vocal folds - pharynx - mouth and/or nose
The major difference between consonants and vowels
Consonants involve an obstruction/constriction in the vocal tract whereas vowels do not involve constriction/obstruction - there is an unobstructed vocal tract
The 4 paraments of vowel description
High Mid Low
Front Central Back
Tense Lax
Round Unrounded
These vowels tend to have less muscle activity and are shorter; only occur in closed syllables
What is Lax vowels
Occurs when lips are spread into a smile
Pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity provide ____ for speech to shape the sound.
What is resonating cavities