Restricted Product and Residues
What is a monitoring program? What is a surveillance program?
USDA-FSIS conducts programs. Monitoring is randoms ampling and surveillance samples repeat offenders.
What are we observing horses for on AMI?
Fistulous withers and poll-evil... both indicate Brucellosis which is a zoonotic concern.
What are the four approved forms of slaughter in the US?
1. Captive bolt (penetrative or non-penetrative)
2. Electric
3. CO2
4. Gunshot
What two systems are used to determine if disease is localized or generalized?
Lymphatic and vascular systems. Localized lesions are often trimmed away while systemic disease is condemned.
What are 2 of the 4 differences between poultry AMI and other species?
-individual inspection not needed
-rectal temperatures not required
-there is no "suspect" disposition
-humane slaughter of poultry is not legally required
Who determines what is an RX drug and what is OTC?
The FDA. They are also responsible for determining what drug residue levels/ withdrawal times are acceptable.
What temperatures indicate pyrexia in the different species? What is the protocol for a pyrexic animal?
Greater than or equal to 106 (pig) or 105 (everything else)... animals with fever are held for 24 hours and re-temepd. Can then be treated or condemned.
In two phase electrical stunning what area must be stunned first? Why?
Head must be stunned first (or at same time as heart). If not pain is caused, not insensibility.
Is acute or chronic disease more serious?
Acute; the body was overwhelmed. Think anthrax, pyemias, toxemias, African Swine Fever, blue tongue.
What degrees are poultry chilled to? This is to inhibit growth of which bacteria?
40F, inhibit campylobacter and salmonella growth
What can be passed for freezing? What is the treatment?
beef cysticercosis, "Beef Measles" is frozen at 15 F for 10 days
Actinomycosis is _____. Actinobacillosis is _____. The _____ of these animals is condemned. If the _____s ar einvolved the entire carcass is condemned.
Actinomycosis is lumpy jaw. Actinobacillosis is wooden tongue. The head of these animals is condemned. If the lungs are involved the entire carcass is condemned.
What are the SRM in cattle?
All cattle: tonsils, distal ileum
>30 months: vertebral column, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, skull, brain, trigeminal ganglia, eyes
*Pneumatic delivery of captive bolt is prohibited in cattle because of BSE risk
Reasons for whole carcass condemnation? Name 3.
malignant lymphoma, pneumonia, epithelioma, peritonitis, septicemia, uremia, icterus, generalized edema, emaciation
What disease is a zoonotic concern and is tested for BEFORE arrival at slaughter facility?
Avian Influenza, flocks are tested at farm. Other zoonotic/ PH PMI diseases include TB, septicemia, airsacculitis (mycoplasma/ chlamydia), systemic synovitis or parasites
What is passed for heating? What is the treatment?
beef cyticercosis or sheep cysticercosis, minimum internal temeperature of 140
What abnormal body movements condemn animals on AMI?
lameness, anything indicating CNS illness, moribund animals, depressed/ disinterested, Downer cows
What are the three places an inspector can place a "Reject" tag due to inhumane treatment?
1. alley to the stunning area (animals have been inhumanely driven/ handled)
2. stunning area (improper stunning has occurred due to stupid employee)
3. equipment (improper stunning was due to defective equipment)
What are some things you are looking for on the inspection of the head? (Name 3)
Epitheliomas, abscesses, eosinophilic myositis, cysticercosis, bruising, actinobacillosis, atrophic rhinitis, and incise and observe LNs for TB/ actinomycosis, etc.
What organs are missing for a "no viscera" bird? What disposition are these birds given?
Missing heart, spleen, or liver... condemn on PMI. Other non-infectious reasons to condemn poultry include bad bruising, cadaver, or overscald.
Inedible products (like fat/ bone/ offal/ condemn animals) can be destroyed by hashing, rendering, or incineration. Describe hashing vs rendering?
Hashing involves grinding everything together into a finely ground material. Rendering is cooking hashed material in a steam-jacket tank until it is dried and separates into fat, protein, bone, and blood products.
What is a healthy TB reactor? What disposition are they given?
No CS at AMI and no lesions on PMI. Passed for cooking (170F for 30 minutes).
Poorly regulated amperage in electrical stunning can cause broken back and hemorrhage. Why is hemorrhage unwanted? Which form of electrical stunning prevents hemorrhage?
Blood splashed meat decomposes quickly, condemned for human use, and may open investigation into stunning methods. Cardiac arrest stunning prevents hemorrhage (as does CO2).
What two organs are affected in White Spotty Liver dz in pigs? What is the etiologic agent?
The liver and lung are invaded by Ascaris suum; not a PH concern but is condemned for being unaesthetic unless liver can be trimmed or bile duct is occluded causing icterus.
How many tumors are allowed for passing in a case of neoplasia? How many tumors are allowed for passing TB?
Even one TB tumor (in liver) is cause for condemnation. One neoplastic tumor can be trimmed, while 2 or more are condemned.
Neoplasia that is a leukosis (Marek's or Leukosis virus are not VPH concerns)