基础概念判断题
判断下列句子是定语从句(D)还是同位语从句(A)，并说明理由
The news that he told me was shocking.
答案：D (定语从句)
详解：that在从句中作borrowed的宾语，指代book，修饰限定名词book，所以是定语从句。
The idea ______ he proposed was innovative.
A. that (定语从句)
B. that (同位语从句)
C. which
正确答案：A. that (定语从句)
详解：that在从句中作proposed的宾语，指代idea，所以是定语从句。
用that或which填空，并说明从句类型：
The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.
填空：______
从句类型：______
填空：that/which
从句类型：定语从句
解析：关系代词在从句中作saw的宾语，指代movie，所以用that或which，是定语从句
将定语从句改为同位语从句：
原句：The story that he told us was very moving
改写：The story that he had overcome great difficulties was very moving.
解析：原句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，指代story。改为同位语从句时，需要让that引导的从句表达story的内容，且that在从句中不充当成分。
The dog that barked all night kept me awake.
从句类型：______
翻译：__________________________________
从句类型：定语从句
翻译：那只叫了一整夜的狗让我睡不着。
The news that our team won the championship excited everyone.
答案：A (同位语从句)
详解：that引导的从句"our team won the championship"是news的具体内容，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，所以是同位语从句。
The fact ______ he didn't attend the meeting surprised everyone.
A. that (定语从句)
B. that (同位语从句)
C. which
正确答案：B. that (同位语从句)
详解：that引导的从句"he didn't attend the meeting"是fact的具体内容，且that在从句中不充当任何成分。
The hope ______ she will recover soon gives us strength.
填空：that
从句类型：同位语从句
解析：that引导的从句“she will recover soon”是hope的具体内容，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，所以是同位语从句。
将同位语从句改为定语从句：
原句：The message that we should arrive early was clear.
改写：The message that he left was clear.
解析：原句是同位语从句，表达message的内容。改为定语从句时，需要让that在从句中充当成分，如宾语或主语。
The idea that we should protect the environment is important.
从句类型
翻译
从句类型：同位语从句
翻译：我们应该保护环境这个观点很重要
The possibility that we might move to another city worries me.
答案：A (同位语从句)
详解：抽象名词possibility后接完整句子"we might move to another city"，解释possibility的具体内容，that在从句中不充当成分
There is little hope ______ he will change his mind.
A. that (定语从句)
B. that (同位语从句)
C. which
正确答案：B. that (同位语从句)
详解：抽象名词hope后接完整句子，解释hope的内容，that在从句中不充当成分。
The plan ______ he suggested seems practical.
填空：that/which
从句类型：定语从句
解析：关系代词在从句中作suggested的宾语，指代plan，所以用that或which，是定语从句。
用另一种从句表达相同意思：
原句：The fact that he passed the exam made his parents happy.
改写：The fact of his passing the exam made his parents happy. (用介词短语)
或：That he passed the exam made his parents happy. (用主语从句)
解析：原句是同位语从句，可以改用其他方式表达相同内容。
The information that he provided helped solve the problem.
从句类型：______
翻译：__________________________________
从句类型：定语从句
翻译：他提供的信息帮助解决了问题。
详解：that在从句中作provided的宾语，指代information。
The suggestion that he made at yesterday's meeting was accepted.
答案：D (定语从句)
详解：that在从句中作made的宾语，指代suggestion，修饰限定名词suggestion，所以是定语从句。
The report ______ was published yesterday contains important information.
A. that (定语从句)
B. that (同位语从句)
C. which
正确答案：A. that (定语从句)
详解：that在从句中作主语，指代report，修饰限定名词report。
The evidence ______ the suspect was at the crime scene is convincing.
填空：that
从句类型：同位语从句
解析：that引导的从句“the suspect was at the crime scene”是evidence的具体内容，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，所以是同位语从句。
保持原意改变从句类型：
原句：The proposal that we reduce costs was accepted.
改写：The proposal to reduce costs was accepted. (用不定式)
或：The proposal for reducing costs was accepted. (用介词短语)
解析：原句是同位语从句，可以改用非谓语动词或介词短语来表达。
The conclusion that smoking is harmful to health is supported by extensive research.
从句类型
翻译
从句类型：同位语从句
翻译：吸烟有害健康的结论得到了广泛研究的支持。
详解：抽象名词conclusion后接完整句子，解释conclusion的内容。
His belief that honesty is the best policy has never wavered, though many have tried to convince him otherwise.
答案：A (同位语从句)
详解：that引导的从句"honesty is the best policy"是belief的具体内容，that在从句中不充当任何成分，且belief是抽象名词。
The theory ______ the earth revolves around the sun was once considered heresy.
A. that (定语从句)
B. that (同位语从句)
C. which
正确答案：B. that (同位语从句)
详解：that引导的从句"the earth revolves around the sun"是theory的具体内容，解释理论内容，that在从句中不充当成分。
The principle ______ all people should be treated equally is fundamental to our society.
填空：that
从句类型：同位语从句
解析：that引导的从句“all people should be treated equally”是principle的具体内容，且that在从句中不充当任何成分，所以是同位语从句。
用两种不同从句类型表达：
原句：The news that our school won the competition spread quickly.
Version 1 (定语从句)：The news that we heard spread quickly.
Version 2 (同位语从句)：The news that our school won the competition spread quickly.
解析：原句是同位语从句，Version 1改为定语从句，Version 2保持同位语从句。
Despite the evidence that climate change is accelerating, some people still refuse to acknowledge the reality that we face a serious environmental crisis.
第一个that从句类型：______
第二个that从句类型：______
翻译：__________________________________
第一个that从句类型：同位语从句
第二个that从句类型：同位语从句
翻译：尽管有证据表明气候变化正在加速，但一些人仍然拒绝承认我们面临严重环境危机这一现实。
详解：两个that引导的从句分别解释evidence和reality的具体内容，that在从句中都不充当成分。