Overview & Materials
Information that histopathology provides that cytology doesn't.
Observes cells in relation to neighboring cells; cellular architecture is evaluated
The two FNA techniques used to collect cells from solid masses.
Aspiration procedure and nonapirate procedure
This preparation technique leaves three different types of areas for evaluation
Combination Technique
What is the nuclear change called where you have rapid cell death-swollen, ragged nucleus without intact nuclear membrane
Karyolysis
The term that refers to varying cell size and shape.
Pleomorphism?
The sample tubes that should always be filled when a fluid analysis is done.
Purple top tube (EDTA) and a no-additive tube?
When are swabs done
When imprints, scrapings and aspirates cannot be done
What smear technique is ideal for viscous samples and is the preferred method for these type of samples
Starfish Smear
Cells that are of the same type and relatively uniform in appearance
Benign cells
What type of tumor is referred to as carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, is highly cellular and often exfoliate in clumps or sheets
Epithelial cell tumors
Exfoliative cytology is:
Study of cells shed from body surfaces
In the Transtracheal/Brochial Wash, the fluid used to collect cells and material from a body cavity or space.
Sterile saline?
What do you send in for "send out" evaluation of cytology samples
Stained slides, air-dried slides, serum tubes and EDTA tube
When large numbers of neutrophils make up >85% of total nucleated cells, it is called what type of inflammation?
Suppuratiive
What type of tumors are referred to as sarcoma, are less cellular and cells tend to exfoliate singly or in spindles
Mesenchymal cell tumors
The circumstance when an aseptic (sterile) patient prep is required.
When collecting a sample from a body cavity or space? Such as: peritoneal, thoracic or joints
What are the disadvantages of imprints or impression smears for diagnosis of skin lesions.
Few cells collected
Large amount of contamination
Only reflect a secondary bacterial infection or inflammation
Hinder neoplasia diagnosis
What is the preferred fixative for fixing cytology samples?
95% methanol
Nuclear change of cell fragmentation is called
Karyorrhexis
Three nuclear criteria for malignancy.
Anisokaryosis – any unusual variation in overall size of the nucleus
Pleomorphism – variability in size and shape of the same cell type
High or variable nucleus/cytoplasm ratio
Increased mitotic activity
Coarse chromatin pattern – chromatin can appear ropy or cordlike
Nuclear molding – deformation of nuclei by other nuclei within same or adjacent cell
Multinucleation
Nucleoli that vary in size (anisonucleosis), shape, and number
When is a scraping used for cytology samples
What are the advantages of a punch biopsy over a wedge biopsy
Ease and speed of the procedure
Local anesthetic can be used
Only the 6 or 8 mm specimens require sutures
Exposure to just the fumes of this agent will cause staining characters of cytology samples
Formalin
Nuclear changes of slow cell death with a small condensed dark nucleus is called:
Pyknosis
Primary types of tumors found in veterinary medicine are:
Epithelial cell tumors
Mesenchymal cell tumors
Discrete round cell tumors