VTC Neurology

Cranial Nerve

100

 This nerve is responsible for vision

Optic or Cranial Nerve II

200

This cranial nerve controls the trapezius muscle.

What is the Accessory Nerve or XI

300

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

What is 12 pairs

400

This cranial nerve controls hearing and equilibrium

What is the Vestibulocochlear Nerve

500

Straining of this nerve may cause a person to faint

What is the Vagus Nerve

600

Responsible for the sense of smell

What is olfactory

700

These three cranial nerves are responsible for eye movement

Oculomotor (III); Trochlear (IV); Abducens (VI)

Anatomy

100

Name the 4 lobes of the of the Cerebrum

What are Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Occipital

200

These make up the Central Nervous System

Brain and Spinal Cord

300

What is the largest portion of the human brain

What is the Cerebrum

400

This is the second largest portion of the brain and monitors body movements

Cerebellum

500

The 3 sections of the Brainstem

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongota

600

Part of the Brainstem responsible for performing basic surival functions

Medulla Oblongata

700

Contains the Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Diencephalon

Anatomy

100

This contains 3 parts: Cell body, Axon, and Dendrite

Neuron

200

This is part of a neuro than carries nerve signals away from the cell body

Axon

300

Chemicals that transmit or modify nerve impulses across the synapse

Neurotransmitters

400

Axons are wrapped in this white, waxy, fatty material

Myelin

500

This response causes increased HR, inhibuts digestive motility, decreases urine output, causese pupils and bronchioles to dilate. "Fight or Flight"

Sympathetic (Nervous System) Response

600

This response causes HR to decrease, peristalsis and digestion to increase, pupils and bronchioles constrict

Parasympathetic (Nervous System) Response

700

What side of the body does the left hemisphere of the brain control?

Right side of body

Degenerative Disorders

100

Chronic disorder with damaged or loss of dopamine-producing cells. Causes tremors, rigidity of muslces, akinesia, psostural instability

Parkinson's Disease

200

Genetically transmitted neuromuscular disorder causing nerve cells in brain to stop working properly. Leads to mental deterioration and loss of ability to control major muscle movements

Huntington's Disease

300

Chronic progressive degenerative condition causing destruction of brain cells. Involves 4 stages involving memory loss leading to total care

Alzheimer's Disease

400

Chronic, progressive degenerative neurologic disease that destroys the myelin sheath.

Multiple Sclerosis

500

Neuromuscular disease blocking nerve transmissions from brain to muscles. Autoimmune disorder with fluctuating weakness of muscle groups. Death results from respiratory failure

Myasthenia Gravis

600

Progressive degenerative CNS disease. Destruction of motor neurons. Ability to initiate and control movement through spine is lost, resulting in increasing paralysis (including respiratory)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

700

Acute paralytic polyneuropathy. Causes inflammation through PNS. Usually triggered by an infection.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)

Random

100

Pain that arises from nerves. Typically affecting face and jaw. Caused by pressure on or deterioriation of Cranial Nerve V.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

200

Affects Cranial Nerve VII. Causes unilateral facial asymmetry. Mouth and cheek droop on affected side.

Bell's Palsy

300

Any condition that involves inflammation of the peripheral nerves

Neuropathy

400

Condition has sudden onset with severe headache and nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness). May be caused by virus or bacteria

Meningitis

500

This disorder has excessive fluid within the cranial vault, subarachnoid space, or both. May be caused by overproduction of CSF.

Hyrocephalus

600

In this defect, portions of the spinal cord, meninges, spinal fluid, and nerves protrude through an opening.

Myelomeningocele (Spina Bifida)

700

Results from swelling of the brain due to trauma, bleeding, infection, hydrocephalus, or tumor. Eventually can affect the brainstem.

Increased Intracranial Pressure (IICP)

Headaches and Stroke

100

This type of headache involves prodrome, aura, attack, and postdrome. Pain is throbbing and often worse on one side of head.

Migraine

200

Most common type of headache. May occurs during stressful events. Pain is dull and feels like a band around the head.

Tension headache

300

This type of headache occurs in cycles. Pain is buring, sharp, steady and may be in/around one eye or side of head. 

Cluster headaches.

400

This type of stroke is d/t deficient blood flow to brain

Ischemia (Thrombotic or Embolic) Stroke

500

This type of stroke is d/t bleeding into brain tissue

Hemorrhagic stroke

600

An episode of cerebrovascular insufficiency with temporary neurologic dysfunction. Lasts less than 24 hours.

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

700

Name medications that can be used to treat a CVA

Anticoagulants (Heparin, enoxaparin, warfarin) and/or Antiplatelets (aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole)

Diagnostic Tests

100

Used to identify conditions in the cerebrum using radioactive dye and a scanner

Brain Scan

200

Performed with patient in fetal position. Takes a CSF sample for microscopic exam

Lumbar Puncture

300

Locates lesions in the spine by injecting dye into subarachnoid space using Lumbar Puncture

Myelogram

400

Performed to measure muscle response to electrical stimulation.

Electromyogram (EMG)

500

Meaures electrical activity in the brain and locates abnormalities and seizure activity

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

600

Removal of the herniated protion of a vertebral disc

Discectomy

700

Bone flap is removed from cranium to relieve pressure on the brain and is then replaced

Craniotomy