Chapter 2
Psychology is best defined as:
The scientific study of the mind and behavior
Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by
Evolutionary Psychologist
Stimulants primarily increase neural activity by affecting which neurotransmitter system?
Dopamine
Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.
Circadian
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
Learning
Which of the following best illustrates a positive correlation?
As ice cream sales increase, temperature rises
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
evolution by natural selection
Cocaine produces its effects mainly by:
Blocking the reuptake of dopamine
Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.
suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
Which of the following is an example of instinct?
baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked
to study whether sleep affects memory. She wakes up participants at different times and tests their memory recall. the independent variable (IV) is:
The amount of sleep participants get
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
chromosomes; DNA
Methamphetamine is particularly addictive because it:
Creates a rapid, intense high that fades quickly
Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes an overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.
Jet Lag
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.
Associate
A correlation coefficient of r = –0.85 indicates:
A strong negative relationship
The myelin sheath is made from ________.
glial cells
Amphetamines are sometimes prescribed to treat ADHD because they:
Increase activity in brain areas related to impulse control
Melatonin release from the pineal gland is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.
darkness; light
In Pavlov’s classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ________.
Learned
Which statement is true about correlation?
Correlation can indicate predictive relationships but not causation
The space between two neurons is called the ________.
Synapse
Caffeine promotes wakefulness primarily by:
Blocking adenosine receptors
Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
REM
In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.
neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus