High Order Processes
Rainfall, temperature, humidity and wind belong under what high order processes?
Climatelogical
What is meant by wave length?
The distance between wave crests.
What is saltation?
Wind bouncing sand (less than 50cm) across the beach.
What is a pressure gradient?
When air moves between warm and cold air masses - likely to be as the land cools and heats up resulting in onshore/offshore wind patterns.
How much water flows in and out of the Kati Kati Harbour entrance?
180 mill tonnes.
What high order processes are piango and spinifex under?
Biogeographical
What is the difference between a constructive wave and destructive wave?
Why is aeolian transport limited at the northern of Waihi Beach?
The headland shelters this region.
What was significant about the Ice-Age 20mill years ago for the construction of Waihi Beach?
It created the sand that would later be deposited on the beach by constructive waves.
What is the predominant wind direction?
NE.
What high order processes are mountain building under?
Geomorphological
What type of wave action is caused by the headland?
Wave Refraction.
How do dune plants affect aeolian transport and dune growth?
By reducing wind speed and resulting in the transported sand to be deposited in the plants/dunes.
Name 3 types of wave erosion.
Abrasion, hydraulic action and solution.
Why is summer the most active wave period for Waihi?
It faces north to the Pacific which comes a live in summer when cyclone swells are generated.
What high order process is an Ice-Age under?
Climatelogical
What 2 wave actions were most important in forming the tombolo?
Constructive waves and LSD.
How much wind speed is needed to transport sand sized 0.18mm?
4.2 ms-1
What type of feature is Mt Pio?
Intrusive Rhyolite Dome.
During the 1960s-70's how much did the southern dues erode?
90m.
What does Holocene refer to and give an example from Waihi Beach.
Things originating from the Ice-Age
What creates dispersed wave energy in the north?
The headland creates concentrated wave approach through refraction which means the northern region losses energy (dispersed).
How much wind speed is needed to transport the sand at the southern end of Waihi Beach and what aeolian process is therefore active?
They receive 9ms-1 but only need 6ms-1 so it is likely to be suspension and saltation.
What are the youngest type of dunes called?
Embryo.
What is a groyne affect and give an example at Waihi Beach?
When an object/feature shelters something - the headland has a groyne affect on wave and wind energy in the north.