Dynasty
Menes is the first pharaoh.
Who is the first pharaoh?
Land (territory), improved irrigation/trade. (Egypt became wealthy from this.)
Religious and political leaders. (Kings or pharaohs became known as "gods".
The citizens built temples or tombs to honor the pharaohs.
Why is Menes famous?
30 chambers.
How many chambers are found in a pyramids?
Approximately 4132 miles.
How many miles is the Nile?
Judaism.
What religion was developed from the Old Testament?
Happened after 3200 BC with Memes who was in charge of the whole Nile Area.
When was the first dynasty?
Means great house.
So, they were human with absolute or unlimited power. They were godlike, but held power over the citizens and also were held responsible over their armies. No three governments (no separation of power) they were the judge and jury.
What is a pharaoh mean?
•It was a frost free climate-allowed them to plant several kinds of crops.
What are some other natural ways the Nile is important?
Geography.
Easily could trade on the river, get to various other places, and flooding season was predictable could harvest crops around these times of the year.
How did the Nile River contribute to the development of ancient Egypt?
Mosaic Law-named after Moses which included the 10 commandments.
Like the Code of Hammurabi “eye for an eye”.
Mosaic Law-places a higher value on human life.
Mosaic Law also places the principles of Yahweh a higher spiritual god! In mind and body!
What is the difference between Mosaic Law/Hammurabi Law?
There were 30 dynasties. From the New to Old dynasties.
How many dynasties existed and what was their names?
Old Kingdom-2680 BC-2180 BC.
When did the old kingdom exist?
•Boats on the Nile can either travel upstream with the wind or row downstream with the current.
What is strange about the Nile?
•Isthmus of the Suez broke these natural barriers; which forms a land bridge bet. Africa/Asia
•Land bridge proved a route for trade/exchange of ideas between the Egyptians/their neighbors to the east
What was important about a landbridge between Africa and Asia?
First 5 books of the OT (Old Testament) =Torah-code of law for the Hebrews.
What is the torah?
Dynasties were family oriented. Handed down from generation to generation from father to son or daughter.
How were dynasties handed down?
New developments from sciences/arts.
Example, built the Great Sphinx/large pyramids.
What was the big take on the Old Kingdom?
Papyrus – a new way to make paper from a papyrus plant. (Also, where the word of paper comes from).
What was a new way to make paper?
•Deserts/seas that surrounded the Nile Valley provided a natural protection against invaders.
What helped with the natural barrier from invasion of the Nile?
•A God to be feared and to be loved!
•In their hearts and minds, Yahweh would be present.
•SO, to understand this, they came to believe they had a choice between good/evil.
•He would hold them responsible for these choices.
•If the Hebrews sinned against Yahweh so would their children.
•Therefore, humans were not intended to be Yahweh’s slaves, but to serve Him out of love!
•Lastly, Yahweh would protect the them from enemies/provide them with food and water.
Who is Yahweh?
It ends when the family is driven from power or when no family member is left to become a ruler.
Why were dynasties dissolved?
Great Sphinx/large pyramids.
What was the symbolic glory of the Egyptian Civilization?
The Romans with their 26 letter alphabet and great for writing messages about trade.
Who moderized the alphabet and made it useful for trading?
Archaeological finds suggest that other ancient cultures influenced early Nile Valley civilization.
Example the Hunter/gather groups had moved into the NRV by 12k BC or earlier.
Then they progressed to being farmers.
A Neolithic culture developed – about 6000 BC.
Around 3800 BC people in the NRV took other steps to civilization.
Example, mined copper-tools/jewelry perhaps.
How to make bronze=copper + tin.
It’s possible they learned glaze pottery.
What were some early steps between civilization with the Nile?
Emphasized ethics, or proper conduct-with a mixture of a belief of a single god.
What is Ethical Monotheism?