Walling OYO Chapter 2

Matter & Energy

100

Matter can exist in three possible states. Name them. 

Solid, Liquid, Gas

200

Energy in action is known as ______ energy. 

Kinetic

300

Stored (inactive) energy is known as ______. 

Potential 

400

T/F: Energy can be transformed from potential to kinetic energy. 

True

500

T/F: Energy conversion is efficient. 

False. 

Some energy is "lost" as heat, which can be partly unusable energy. 

Mixtures & Compounds

100

General term for 2 or more atoms bonded
together. 

Molecule

200

Specific molecule that has 2 or more
different kinds of atoms bonded together. 

Compound

300

There are three basic types of mixtures. Name them. 

Solutions, Colloids, Suspensions

400

Homogeneous mixtures, meaning particles are
evenly distributed throughout. 

Solutions

500

Both are heterogeneous mixtures. 

Colloids and Suspensions

Inorganic Compounds

100

Are proton donors: they release hydrogen ions. 

Acids

200

Are proton acceptors: they pick up H+ ions in
solution. 

Bases

300

Ionic compounds that dissociate into
separate ions in water. Separate into cations and anions. 

Salts

400

T/F: All ions are called electrolytes because they can conduct electrical currents in solution.  

True

500

T/F: The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more BASIC that solution is. 

False

Carbohydrates

100

There are three classes of carbohydrates. Name them. 

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

200

Double sugars. 

Too large to pass through cell membranes.  

Formed by dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides. 

Disaccharides

300

Simple sugars containing three to seven carbon atoms. 

Monomers of carbohydrates. 

Monosaccharides

400

Many sugars. 

Polymers of monosaccharides. 

Formed by dehydration synthesis of many monomers. 

Not very soluble. 

Polysaccharides

500

Carbohydrates are made of three elements. Name them. 

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Nucleic Acids

100

There are two major classes of nucleic acids. Name them. 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

200

Directly powers chemical reactions in cells. 

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

300

Single-stranded linear molecule is active mostly outside nucleus.

Contains a ribose sugar (not deoxyribose). 

RNA

400

Nucleotides contain a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases:

Purines: adenine (A), guanine (G)

Pyrimidines: cytosine (C) and thymine (T)

DNA

500

Nucleic acid polymers are made up of monomers called:

Nucleotides