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Treatment
Waste minimization
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100

What is the 5 main categories of solid waste?

  • Municipal solid waste
  • Agriculture waste
  • Industrial waste
  • Hazardous waste
  • Medical waste
100

what are incineration?

Incineration is there you have a waste material that have contaminants. Where the waste materials will be burnt, at a really high temperature. In that way that the contaminants can be destroyed, it will happen in a combustion furnace. Incineration is what you call a waste treatment.

100

what do waste minimization provide with? 

It helps with eliminate the generation of harmful and persistent waste. It can protect the environment and provide good economic and business practices.

100

Name different kind of waste

Food waste

Construction waste

Electronic waste

Solid waste

Liquid waste

Hazardous waste

100

Explain recycling as a waste minimization technique 

Recycling can happen 2 different ways

- On site recovery and reuse = can reuse the wasted materials 

- Creation of useful byproducts = transfrom the wasted materials into another material/product 

200

What factors affecting waste generation?

  • Population
  • Social cultural practices
  • Seasonal variation
  • Economic background
  • Geographical location
200

what do the incineration method convert the wast into?

Ash

- Formed by the inorganic constituents.

- Form of solid lumps

Gas

- Must be cleaned before it comes out to the atmosphere.

Heat

- The heat that will be generated can be used to generate electric power.

200

What are some of the economic benefits about waste minimization? 

Cost Savings = Proper waste management minimizes disposal and landfill fees, leading to significant cost savings for municipalities and businesses.

Resource Recovery =Recycling and reusing materials in waste contribute to revenue generation through the sale of recycled materials.

Job Creation = Waste management, including recycling and collection, creates employment opportunities in sorting, processing, transportation, and facility maintenance.

Innovation and Technology Development =The demand for efficient waste management drives innovation and technological advancements in the waste management sector.

Waste-to-Energy Projects = Projects such as incineration and biogas production offer alternative energy sources, contributing to energy diversification.

Public Health Cost Savings = Proper waste disposal contributes to public health, potentially resulting in cost savings in healthcare.

Tourism and Aesthetics = A clean environment enhances the appeal of a region, positively impacting tourism and property values.

Waste Reduction Strategies = Encouraging waste reduction strategies, such as reusable products, leads to long-term cost savings by reducing overall waste volume.

200

what are the to types of collection system? (driver)

  • Hauled container systems (HCS)
  • Stationary container system (SCS)
200

Explain the product modification technique 

  • Characteristics of the product can be modified to minimize the environmental impacts of its production or those of the product itself during or after its use (disposal).
300

What are some of the types of municipal solid waste?

  • Household
  • Construction
  • Commercial
  • Institutional
  • Open areas
  • Treatment plant sites
  • Residential
300
Name 1 advantages and 1 disadvantages of incineration 

Advantages:

  • Minimum of land is needed.
  • Ashes can be used for construction work and help in reducing project cost.

Disadvantages:

  • The air pollution controls are expensive.
  • Not practical for small communities.
300

What are some of the benefits and importance of recycling? 

Resource conservation = Reusing materials reduces the need extracting new raw materials, conserving valuable natural resources

Energy savings = Recycling often requires less energy than manufacturing products form raw materials

Greenhouse gas reduction = Recycling produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions

Waste reduction = Recycling reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills, extending their lifespan and minimizing environmental impact.

Biodiversity protection = Recycling helps prevent habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity associated with extracting raw materials.

Water conservation = Recycling reduces the demand for water in the extraction and processing of raw materials.

Reduced pollution = Recycling decreases pollution associated with the extraction, transportation, and processing of raw materials.

Long-term sustainability = Embracing recycling supports a sustainable approach to consumption, ensuring resources for future generation.

300

Explain what HCS is and what it stand for (collection system)

Hauled container system

Definition:

  • In an HCS, waste containers are picked up and transported by specialized vehicles, such as garbage trucks, to a central disposal or processing facility.

Operation:

  • Collection trucks actively travel to various locations, usually residential or commercial areas, to pick up waste from designated containers. These containers are then loaded onto the collection vehicle and transported to a disposal site or processing facility.
300

Why do we use life cycle assessment? 

  • minimized the magnitude of pollution
  • Conserve non-renewable resources
  • Converse ecological system
  • Develop and utilize cleaner technologies
  • Maximize recycling of materials and waste
  • Apply the most appropriate pollution prevention.
400

explain the difference between 

  • Commingled waste.
  • Separated waste.

Separated waste has been separated befor collecting, and therefore be collected before it can be recycled.

were commingled waste is all type of waste in one bin 

400

What is anaerobic digestion?

Anaerobic digestion is where bacteria will break down organic matter. Like, wastewater biosolids, food waste, and animal manure. The method of anaerobic digestion is a biological process where microorganisms will break down the biodegradable material, where there must be oxygen. Where it will be biogas and then it can used as fuel.

Is a process where the microorganisms break down the biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.

400
What is LCA?

LCA = life cycle assessment

It is a technique for assessing the potential environmental aspect

400

Explain what SCS is and what it stand for (collection system)

SCS = Stationary container system 

Definition:

  • In an SCS, waste containers are placed at fixed locations, such as street corners or designated collection points. These containers are typically larger and may be serviced by specialized collection vehicles or trucks.

Operation:

  • Residents or businesses bring their waste to the stationary containers, which are emptied periodically by waste collection vehicles. The waste collection vehicles visit these fixed locations at scheduled intervals.
400

what are some of the option to managing waste? 

  • Landfilling = Cost-effective but poses environmental issues.
  • Incineration = Reduces volume but has air pollution concerns.
  • Recycling = Reduces waste, needs infrastructure and public awareness.
  • Composting = Converts organic waste, requires proper management.
  • Waste-to-Energy = Generates energy but needs careful implementation.
  • Source Reduction = Minimizes waste at the source, needs behavioral change.
500

What is commingled waste collection?

Different type of waste in one bin when collected.

Residential = Set out / set back, Curb, Ally, Backyard 

Commercial industrial = Movable large containers 

500

What are the 4 key stages of anaerobic digestion? and explain short about each stage 

Hydrolysis = Here some of the certain bacteria will break down some of the organic polymers. Like carbohydrates, which will be turned into simple sugars.

Acidogenesis = In this next stage, is where a bacteria called acidogenic bacteria, will take the simple sugars from the hydrolysis stage and convert them into carbon dioxide, ammonia, organic acids, and hydrogen.

Acetogenesis = Here a bacteria called acetogenic bacteria, will take the organic acids from the acidogenesis stage and convert them into acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.

Methanogenesis = This is the last stage of the anaerobic digestion process, where a single-celled organisms will convert intermediate products that have been produces in the 3 stages before, and convert them to methane, water, and carbon dioxide.

500

what are the 4 linked components to LCA?

1) Goal definition and scoping = Identifying the LCA purpose

2) Life-cycle inventory = Quantifying the energy and raw materials inputs and environmental releases associated with each stage of production.

3) Impact analysis = Assessing the impacts on human health and the environment associated with energy and raw materials inputs.

4) Improvement analysis = Interpret the results of the impact assessment to suggest improvements to reduce energy and materials inputs

500

What are the advantages and disadvantages with anaerobic digestion? 

Advantages:

  • Organic waste treatment
  • Energy production
  • Waste volume reduction

Disadvantages:

  • Longer process
  • Limited waste types
500

What are 4 potential uses of materials recovered from municipal solid wastes?

Recycled Paper Products = Reusing paper from municipal solid waste for newspapers, cardboard, and packaging.

 Plastic Recycling for Manufacturing = Repurposing plastics from waste into containers, bottles, and construction materials.

Compost for Soil Enrichment = Turning organic waste into compost for fertilizing soil in agriculture and landscaping.

Metals for Manufacturing and Construction = Recycling metals like aluminum and steel from waste for new products and construction materials.