Key Terms
What is a Thermoline?
The area between the two zones where the temperature decreases abruptly
What type of bond is water?
Hydrogen Bond
What are three biological factors driving oxygen?
Respiration by animals, photosynthesis, decomposition
What effect does temperature have on salinity?
The warmer the water the more soluble the salt
What are the three states of matter that water demonstrates?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
What is Atmospheric Dissolution?
The process of dissolving gases into seawater from the atmosphere due to wave turbulence.
What is the structure of a water molecule?
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
What are three physical factors driving oxygen?
High Pressure, Atmospheric Dissolution, Low temperatures
How does the concentration of hydrogen and hydroxide affect the ocean?
Hydrogen makes the ocean more acidic and hydroxide makes the ocean more basic.
Which state of matter allows water to move freely?
Liquid
What is Salinity?
the amount of dissolved salts in sea water
Chloride, Sodium, Sulphate, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Bicarbonate
What are the two main factors that contribute to the high oxygen concentration in the 0m to 200m layer of the ocean?
Plants doing photosynthesis and Atmospheric Dissoluition
What factors cause the density of seawater to increase?
Lower Temperatures, Higher Salinity, High Presure
Why is seawater a mixture?
What is global climate control?
The global convey belt moves heat across the oceans causing certain places to be hot and others to be cold.
Describe the process in which sodium and chlorine combine to make salt
1. A sodium atom loses an electron becoming a positively charged ion
2. A chlorine atom gains an electron becoming a negatively charged charged ion
3. THe opposite charges in the sodium and chlorine attract, forming ionic bonds
Why is there little oxygen between 200m and 100m of depth
No Light for Photosynthesis, Respiration by animals, and decomposition by bacteria
What are two ways subsequent mixing occurs between temperature and salinity layers?
1. Clouds decrease the temperature causing water density to increase making the water sink.
2. Evaporation decreases fresh water, increasing salinity, increasing density making water sink
Describe 4 key environmental factors ice has.
Gives animals a place to live, Lives organisms like algae and phytoplankton to live under, Keeps Water temperatures under the water warmer so animals can live, and prevents the entire water column from freezing.
What is Temperature Buffering?
The constant interaction between the land and sea air that maintains a stable temperature.
Describe the process in which hydrogen bonds are formed.
1. Oxygen atoms pull more Strongly on the electrons in the covalent bond than the hydrogen does, creating an unequal sharing
2. This creates a polar molecule where one side is partially charged and the other side is negatively charged.
3. This causes the positive hydrogen end of one molecule to be attracted to the negative oxygvgen end of a different water molecule.
What are three reasons why algae bloom causes an Anoxic environment to form?
1. Light is blocked out by algae so plants cant do photosynthesis
2. Fish in the water using oxygen.
3. Bacteria in water breaking down dead organisms
What are five factors that affect the salinity of sea water?
Runoff, Hydrothermic Vents, Sea Spray, Marine organisms, Subatomic volcanoes
What are the 5 major zones in the ocean?
Epipelagic Zone, Mesopelagic Zone, Bathypelagic Zone (Midnight Zone), Abyssopleagic Zone, Hadopelagic Zone