water cycle
what is evaporation?
The process where water changes from liquid to gas due to heat.
What is a groundwater source?
Water found beneath Earth’s surface in aquifers.
Name one domestic use of water.
Drinking, cooking, washing.
What is water pollution?
Contamination of water bodies by harmful substances.
What is water conservation?
Using water wisely to avoid waste.
Define condensation in the water cycle.
Water vapor cools and changes into liquid droplets.
Name two examples of surface water.
Rivers and lakes
Name one agricultural use of water.
Irrigation.
How does agriculture cause water pollution?
Runoff can carry fertilizers and pesticides into rivers.
Name one way to reduce domestic water use.
Fixing leaking taps, using water-efficient appliances.
What is transpiration?
The release of water vapor from plant leaves.
How is an aquifer recharged?
By rainwater filtering through soil and rock.
How is water used in industry?
Cooling machinery, processing, cleaning.
What is water scarcity?
When water demand exceeds supply in a region.
How can leakage in water pipes be reduced?
Installing pressure-reducing valves and regular maintenance.
Describe the process of infiltration.
The process by which water soaks into the soil from the surface.
Explain how desalination works.
Removing salt from seawater through distillation or reverse osmosis.
Why does industry need large amounts of water?
To run machines, cool systems, and for manufacturing.
How does urbanization increase flood risk?
Replaces soil with impermeable surfaces, increasing runoff.
Describe one way a dam can help manage water.
Stores water, controls flooding, and generates hydroelectricity.
Explain how precipitation and runoff contribute to river systems.
Precipitation adds water to rivers; runoff transports water over land into streams.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using groundwater?
Adv: constant supply;
Disadv: overuse can cause depletion and land subsidence.
Evaluate the effects of excessive irrigation.
Can lead to salinization and waterlogging of soil.
Explain eutrophication and its impact on aquatic life.
Nutrients cause algae growth, blocking light and depleting oxygen.
Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of large-scale water transfer schemes.
Benefits: water availability and drought relief
Drawbacks: expensive, affects ecosystems and people.