ADH & Water Balance
What does ADH stand for?
Antidiuretic Hormone
Which hormone primarily regulates sodium levels in the body?
Aldosterone
What is the normal pH range of human blood?
7.35–7.45
What percentage of normal urine is water?
95%
Which part of the nephron does ADH mainly act on?
The collecting duct
Where is aldosterone produced?
The adrenal glands
What happens when blood becomes to acidic or too basic?
Enzymes and cells cannot function properly.
Name one substance that should NOT normally be found in urine.
Glucose, blood, large proteins, or bacteria
What happens to ADH levels when a person becomes dehydrated?
ADH levels increase.
Aldosterone causes the kidneys to reabsorb which ion?
Sodium (Na⁺)
Which ion helps neutralize acids in the blood?
Bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻).
What is urinalysis?
The testing and analysis of urine to help diagnose medical conditions.
A student drinks 3 litres of water in a short period of time. Would ADH levels increase or decrease?
Decrease
Why does water retention increase when aldosterone levels rise?
Water follows sodium back into the bloodstream
If blood becomes too acidic, which ion does the kidney excrete in greater amounts?
Hydrogen ions (H⁺)
What is a diuretic?
A substance or medication that increases urine production.
A person is stranded without water for 24 hours. Describe how their body would respond in terms of ADH levels.
ADH levels would increase
Compare the roles of ADH and aldosterone.
ADH directly increases water reabsorption, while aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption
What type of pH can excess exercise produce?
Acidic
Alcohol causes increased urine production because it affects which hormone?
ADH