States and Forms
Give one example of water in the liquid state and explain why it is liquid.
Ocean,lake, river, ect.
What is the process called when water changes from a liquid to a solid? Explain what happens during this process.
Freezing. During freezing, liquid water loses heat and becomes solid ice.
Explain what must happen to temperature for ice to melt into water.
To melt ice into water the temperature must increase (ice absorbs heat and melts).
Where is most of Earth's water found? Explain.
Most of Earth's water is in the oceans.
Give one example of water in the solid state and explain why it is solid.
Glacier, snow, ice, ect.
What is the process called when water changes from a liquid to a gas? Describe what needs to happen for this to occur.
Evaporation. Liquid water gains energy (usually heat) and becomes water vapor (gas).
Explain what must happen to temperature for vapor to turn into liquid water (give a real example).
To change vapor into liquid the temperature must decrease (vapor cools and condenses); example: steam turning into water droplets on a cold surface.
What do we call water that falls from the sky? Give two examples of forms it can take.
Water falling from the sky is called precipitation; forms include rain and snow (also sleet and hail).
Give one example of water in the gas state and explain why it is a gas.
Vapor, Steam
What is the process called when water changes from a gas to a liquid? Give an example from nature.
Condensation. Water vapor cools and changes into liquid water (example: dew on grass).
Explain what must happen to temperature for liquid water to freeze.
To freeze liquid water the temperature must decrease (water loses heat and freezes).
Name a feature that can form as a result of runoff and explain how runoff helps create it.
Describe what liquid water in super tiny droplets is called and where you can find it.
Cloud droplets or steam (liquid water in tiny droplets). Found in clouds and above hot water.
What is the name of the process when water changes directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid first? Give one real-world example.
Sublimation. Solid water (ice or snow) changes directly into vapor without becoming liquid first (example: dry snow slowly disappearing in cold, dry conditions).
What is the main source of heat that causes water to evaporate on Earth? Explain how it does this.
The Sun. The Sun provides heat energy that causes evaporation of water on Earth.
Name one factor that affects how much runoff occurs in an area and explain why it matters.
One factor: the shape of the land (topography). Steeper slopes cause faster runoff because gravity moves water downhill more quickly.
Describe how snow can turn into a glacier (use the words precipitation, compaction, and time in your answer).
A glacier (result of compaction). Process: precipitation falls as snow, then over time compaction turns snow into ice forming a glacier.
Explain in one or two sentences what must happen to the temperature and energy of water for it to change from liquid to gas.
To change from liquid to gas the temperature (and energy) must increase so water molecules gain enough energy to become vapor.
Describe how temperature interacts with snowfall and compaction to help create glaciers over many years.
Cold temperatures allow snow to remain; repeated snowfall plus pressure (and time) causes compaction and recrystallization, turning snow into glacial ice.
Explain in one or two sentences how precipitation, runoff, and compaction can work together to form a glacier.
"Snow (precipitation) falls and collects in cold places. Runoff and accumulation add more snow, and over time compaction squeezes the snow into ice. After many years this compacted ice becomes a glacier."