Water Resources
What are the three types of water and what makes them different?
Bonus 100 points if you can tell me the percentage difference
Fresh- No salt
Salt- Salt levels 3.5% or higher
Brackish- Salt levels between 0.5%-3.5%
Define Evaporation
Moisture lost to the atmosphere
Half points for 2 correct
Climate (Tropics and poles)
Oceans and currents
Topography
Orographic rainfall and mountains
Name four ways you use water in an average day?
Brushing teeth, Drinking, showering, washing car, water cooling in computer/ car, windscreen wiper water, washing vegetables/ food, boiling food, washing dishes, toilet.
Pacific ocean
How many litres of water does the average person use per year (within 10,000L)
100,000 Litres
What is precipitation?
Bonus 100 points if you can name three types of precipitation
Process whereby the suspended droplets in the atmosphere fall as rain, hail, sleet or snow.
What cause climates between the tropics and polar regions?
Tropics receive more direct sunlight which results in more evaporation and rainfall
Polar regions are colder and dryer thus slower evaporation and less moisture in the air
Explain the economic value of water and how it is used
What is the longest river in the world?
The Nile River
What are the names of the 5 oceans?
Pacific, Arctic, Indian, Atlantic and Southern
Where does water come from? Minimum 3 locations
Half points if 2 are correct
Catchments, dams, ocean desalination, groundwater and rainwater tanks
What causes ocean currents?
Warm currents bring moisture and rainfall and cold currents bring cool air and less evaporation
Explain the cultural value of water and how it looks?
What is the saltiest body of water in the world?
The Dead Sea
What percentage of the Earth's water is saltwater
97%
What is a synoptic chart?
Half points for a hint
Weather map showing atmospheric conditions at a certain place at a certain time. Used to predict short term weather.
What is Orographic rainfall? Can get a hint for half points
When winds push moist air over mountains, condensation and precipitation occur on the windward side.
Explain the spiritual value of water and provide an example
What is the deepest known point on the Earth's sea floor?
Mariana Trench
What is the differnce between renewable and non-renewable? provide an example of each
This means that it can be used without worry that it will be depleted permanently.
Whereas, a non-renewable resource is when the energy from the source runs out or will not be replenished in our lifetime - or even in many lifetimes.
Eg) Renewable- Wind power, wave power, water, solar energy
Eg) Non-renewable- Nuclear, Uranium, oil, gas, Coal, Limestone
Explain the water cycle- Must include the 4 key points during the cylce
Bonus 100 if you can name the two ways water is collected hint the words start with I and R
All the water on Earth moves through a cycle that is powered by the sun. This cycle is called the water cycle, or hydrologic cycle. Water is constantly changing its location (through constant movement) and its form (from gas, to liquid, to solid). Evaporation, condensation and freezing of water occur during the cycle known as preciptiation. This then results in collection or accumulation this is done by either infiltration or runoff
Explain how either Mawsynram, India is the wettest place on earth or how the Atacama Desert, Chile is the Driest place on the Earth?
Mawsynram
Monsoon Winds:
Mawsynram is directly in the path of the summer monsoon, when warm, moist air from the Bay of Bengal is pushed inland.
This air is saturated with water vapor, and it moves westward toward India.
Orographic Rainfall:
Mawsynram is located at the base of the Khasi Hills.
The monsoon air hits the hills and is forced to rise, which causes the air to cool and condense, releasing heavy rain (this is called orographic rainfall).
This results in torrential, continuous rainfall during the monsoon season.
Geographic Funnel Effect:
The hills around Mawsynram funnel and trap the moist air, making the rainfall even more intense and prolonged.
Cold Ocean Current:
The Humboldt Current (a cold ocean current) runs along the Chilean coast.
This cools the air above the ocean, which holds less moisture, leading to very little evaporation and dry air moving inland.
Rain Shadow Effect:
The Atacama sits between two mountain ranges: the Andes to the east and the Chilean Coastal Range to the west.
Moisture from the Amazon side is blocked by the Andes.
Any coastal moisture is blocked by the coastal range.
Atacama Desert
Subtropical High Pressure Zone:
Like many deserts near 30° latitude, the Atacama lies in a high-pressure belt, where the air is sinking.
Sinking air warms as it descends, preventing cloud formation and rain.
Provide 4 examples of economic use of water
Provide 4 examples of Cultural use of water
Provide 1 example of Spiritual use of water
Economic- Watering crops, Tourism, Water Parks, Toothpastes, Desalinisation, Cleaning cars, Agriculture, Water rafting
Cultural- Tourism, Surfing, Dam swimming, Aesthetic, Beach
Spiritually- Exorcism, Baptisms, Dreamtime stories
60-70%