Water & Hydration
How much of the human body is made up of water?
60%
ECF has
High sodium (Na+)
Are minerals inorganic or organic?
Inorganic
Heme iron is found in?
Animal foods (meat, poultry, fish)
How do minerals differ from vitamins?
Minerals are inorganic; vitamins are organic
What is the water requirement for women?
2.7 liters/day (about 11 cups)
ICF has
High potassium (K+)
Sodium’s functions are all but one
Anything NOT related to fluid balance, nerve function, or muscle contraction
Non-heme iron is found in?
Plant foods (beans, spinach, grains)
What happens when you have extra minerals inside the body?
They can become toxic or stored improperly
What is the water requirement for men?
3.7 liters/day (about 15 cups)
Which electrolyte is found in higher amounts outside the cell?
Sodium (Na+)
Calcium is stored in everything but
Soft tissues (most is in bones/teeth)
What minerals might vegetarians be deficient in?
Iron (also possibly zinc, B12)
Define osmosis
Movement of water across a membrane from low solute to high solute
Where is your thirst center?
Hypothalamus (in the brain)
Which mineral helps maintain fluid balance outside the cell (ECF)?
Sodium
Magnesium does everything but
NOT a major part of fluid outside cells
3 minerals that function in bone health?
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
Is more fluid found inside or outside cells? How much?
Inside cells (2/3 of body fluid)
What is the primary way the body loses water?
Urine
Which compartment contains more sodium (Na+)?
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
Which mineral is essential to make thyroid hormones?
Iodine
Phosphorus is the most abundant mineral in what percentage?
About 85% is in bones
Which hormone helps the body retain water during dehydration?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)