Solutions
What components make up a solution?
Solutes and Solvents
How many water properties are there?
There are 6 water properties
Osmosis affects plant and animal cells the same way, true or false?
False
The speed of diffusion depends on the nature of interaction between material and medium, true or false?
True, for example: gasses spread fastest in gasses, less in liquids, and slowest in solids
What is a solute?
The component that dissolves into the solvent to form a solution (e.g salt in saltwater)
What is specific heat capacity?
It is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
What is osmosis?
The movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution (less solute) into a more concentrated one (more solute)
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration
What are the three types of solutions?
Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic
What substances can water dissolve and not dissolve?
Water can dissolve polar and ionic substances, however, it cannot dissolve nonpolar molecules
What will happen to animal cells in an isotonic solution?
Nothing, it is the ideal solution for animal cells because there is no net flow of solvent
What factors affect diffusion?
Temperature, the area of interaction between solutes and solvents, the steepness of the concentration gradient, and the size of particles
What is the description of an isotonic solution?
It has the same concentration of solutes both inside and outside the cell
Why is water less dense when it is a solid than when it is a liquid?
As water freezes, molecules organize themselves into a structure that spaces the molecules further apart and less randomly than in liquid water
What happens to plant cells in an isotonic solution?
They are no longer full of water and plant leaves will start drooping
Why is it that when temperature increases, the speed of diffusion increases?
When temperature rises, kinetic energy in the particles increases, making collisions more frequent. Repeated collisions and fast movement of molecules allows them to escape the confines of the material
Which solution has a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside of it?
A hypertonic solution
One property of water includes cohesion and adhesion, what are they? Describe each one
Cohesive forces allow water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other, adhesive forces allow water molecules to stick to substances other than itself
In what solution does water rush out of both animal and plant cells, why?
In a hypertonic solution, water rushes out of both types of cells to equalize the higher amount of solute outside of the plasma membrane
What are the two types of diffusion, how do they function?
Simple diffusion does not involve other particles, regular diffusion. Facilitated diffusion requires a facilitator called a protein in order for the diffusion to occur because molecules are too large