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Wood
Water
Fire
Earth
100
Which organ is the main site that takes up and metabolizes newly absorbed vitamin B6?
liver
100
Where is vitamin B12 stored?
liver
100
What is the DRI’s of potassium?
AI: The adult (19 and older) male and female is 4.7 g/day (breastfeeding Women: 5.1 g/day), no UL
100
What occurs in children deficient of calcium?
Rickets
100
What is the AI and ULs for sodium?
AI: Males and Females: 19-50 years old ---1,500 mg/day; 51-70 years old ---1,300 mg/day; >70 ---1,200 mg/day (Pregnancy: 19-50 years old ---1,500 mg/day). ULs: Males and Females : 19-70 years old ---2,300 mg/day; >70--- 2,300 mg/day
200
What is the AI of chloride for adult males and females?
Males 9-50, Females 9-50, and Pregnant 19-50 : 2300 mg/day
200
The DRI of Vitamin B12 for males and females
RDA: 2.4 mcg/day (pregnancy: 2.6 mcg/day; breast feeding: 2.8 mcg/day )
200
What is the main pump used to drive Na+ across the basolateral membrane?
Na+/K+-ATPase pump (Na+/glucose cotransport system)
200
Give one function of vitamin B6
Coenzyme: transamination, decarboxylation, transulfhydration and tesulfhydration, dehydration or deamination, cleavage, acemizatio, important coenzyme in the 1st step to synthesize the heme, cofactors for sphingolipid synthesis, synthesize niacin from tryptophan, glycogen degradation; Non-coenzyme:moderates the effects of some steroid hormone actions.
200
Where is sodium absorbed in the body?
Absorption occurs in small intestine and colon
300
Where PL, PN and PM are primarily absorbed?
Absorbed in the jejunum
300
What is the main dietary source of Chloride?
The main food source is in table salt-60% chloride
300
What are three high potassium sources?
bananas, honeydew, mango
300
Name some of the best food sources of calcium.
Milk and dairy products, especially cheese and yogurt; Certain types of seafood – salmon and sardines with the bones, clams and oysters; Vegetables – turnip and mustard greens, broccoli, cauliflower, and kale; Legumes and legume products, especially tofu; Dried fruits
300
Why can hyperkalemia ultimately lead to death?
causes cardiac arrhythmias that can lead to cardiac arrest
400
Vitamin B6 deficiency is common. T/F
false
400
Toxicity of vitamin B12 can lead to Pernicious anemia. T/F
False
400
List two ways chloride levels can be monitored
A simple blood test; Analysis of 24-hour collection of urine
400
What is the main role of calcium?
To form the structure of bones and teeth. More than 99% of total calcium is stored in the skeleton, mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite.
400
What food source has the most sodium chloride in it?
Processed and manufactured food (75% of the sodium consumed is found in processed foods).
500
What is the DRI of calcium for both adult men and women?
1,000 mg daily for adult men and women age 19-50 years; 1,200 mg daily for adult’s age 51 years and older.
500
what cells does Vitamin B12 help in the production of ?
red and white blood cells
500
What element does potassium work constantly with?
Sodium
500
Where is the majority of chloride absorbed in the body?
SI
500
Name several functions of sodium in the body.
Maintains fluid balance, Nerve transmission/impulse conduction and muscle contraction, Blood pressure