Water Cycle
What process in the water cycle turns liquid water from oceans, lakes, or rivers into water vapor?
Evaporation
What is a "dead zone" in a body of water?
An area of water with little to no oxygen.
Why are some macroinvertebrates called indicator species?
Their numbers indicate the quality of the water (how much pollution)
Define correlation.
2 variables that change together but do not necessarily cause one another.
Name one measure of water quality. (Think back to the graphs of WJ3)
Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen, or Dissolved Solids
Name the process that causes water vapor to cool and change back into liquid, forming clouds or droplets.
Condensation
Name one common human-related cause that can lead to the creation of a dead zone.
Excess fertilizer, animal waste, or exhaust (pollution)
True or false: Macorinvertabrets are not impacted but the chemicals and waste that goes down our drains.
False, water pollution does impact the organisms.
Define causation.
One variable directly causes another to happen. One would not happen without the other.
What would you expect to happen to the fish if the dissolved oxygen levels decreased?
The fish would die.
Which process of the water cycle is caused by gravity?
Precipitation
Name one of the two excess nutrients that cause dead zones. (Double points for both)
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
If there is an increase in invertabrate population and an increase in the fish population, which came first?
Invertebrate population increase.
When the time spent exercising goes up, so does the number of calories burned. Is this relationship causal or just correlated?
Causal, the time spent exercising determines the number of calories burned.
Define Turbidity
The cloudiness of water.
What is transpiration?
The release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere
Propose two realistic actions communities or farmers could take to reduce nutrient runoff that causes dead zones.
Use less fertilizer, clean up animal waste, improve wastewater treatment, limit exhausts/pollution of nutrients, or restore wetlands
If the percentage of pollution-intolerant macroinvertebrates is over 50% the water quality would be considered...
Good
A study finds that when ice cream sales increase, more people go swimming and drown. Are ice cream sales and the number of people drowning correlated, causal, or both?
Correlated, they both increase but one does not cause the other to happen.
Which of the following is not a reservoir in the water cycle? Lakes, Cows, Snow, Gold or Clouds.
Gold
Identify each step it takes for water in an iceburg to become a raindrop. (4 steps)
Melting, Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
Describe the 5 steps in creating a dead zone.
1.) Excess nutrients 2.) more phytoplanton 3.) more bacteria 4.) less oxygen 5.) less fish
Name one way we can mitigate the harmful effects of humans on Earth's water.
Answers will vary. ex. reduce consumption, increase restoration, reduce chemical use/pollution.
You observe that streams with more indicator species tend to have fewer dead zone events nearby. Are indicator species and the number of dead zones correlated or causal?
Causal fewer dead zones directly impact the number of indicator species that can survive.
Which change in state of matter naturally cleans the water because all the contaminants are left behind?
Evaporation.