Mechanical Waves
What happens to the wavelength of a wave if its frequency increases, assuming the wave speed remains constant in the same medium?
A. The wavelength increases.
B. The wavelength decreases.
C. The wavelength stays the same.
D. The wavelength's change is unpredictable without more information.
B. The wavelength decreases
There are two primary types of surface waves: Love waves and Rayleigh waves. What type of motion is characteristic of Love waves?
A. A purely vertical, up and down motion.
B. A rolling, elliptical motion similar to ocean waves.
C. A side-to-side, horizontal shearing motion.
D. A compressional, push and pull motion.
C. A side-to-side, horizontal shearing motion.
What famous concept is illustrated by the existence of matter waves?
A) The theory of relativity
B) Wave-particle duality
C) The Big Bang theory
D) The law of gravity
B) Wave-particle duality
In a transverse wave, how does the direction of particle oscillation relate to the direction of wave propagation (energy transfer)?
A. Parallel
B. Perpendicular
C. At a 45-degree angle
D. Opposite
B. Perpendicular
X-rays are a form of what type of energy?
A. Sound energy
B. Thermal energy
C. Electrical energy
D. Electromagnetic radiation
D. Electromagnetic radiation
The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time (usually one second) is called the wave's:
A. Amplitude
B. Wavelength
C. Frequency
D. Period
C. Frequency
Which type of seismic wave typically causes the most severe ground movements and structural damage during an earthquake?
A) P waves
B) S waves
C) Surface waves
D) T waves
C) Surface waves
Who first proposed the wave nature of matter particles?
a) Max Planck
b) Albert Einstein
c) Louis de Broglie
d) Isaac Newton
c) Louis de Broglie
What is the highest point of a transverse wave called?
A. Trough
B. Amplitude
C. Crest
D. Node
C. Crest
X-radiation was discovered by which scientist?
A. Marie Curie
B. Thomas Edison
C. Wilhelm Roentgen
D. Isaac Newton
D. Isaac Newton
Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal wave?
A. Ocean waves
B. Light waves
C. Sound waves
D. S-waves (seismic waves)
C. Sound waves
How do surface waves compare in speed to body waves (P and S waves)?
A) Surface waves are faster than P and S waves.
B) Surface waves are faster than S waves but slower than P waves.
C) Surface waves are the slowest of the seismic waves.
D) Surface waves travel at the same speed as S waves.
C) Surface waves are the slowest of the seismic waves.
The wave nature of electrons was experimentally confirmed by which experiment?
A) Photoelectric effect experiment
B) Compton effect experiment
C) Davisson-Germer experiment
D) Michelson-Morley experiment
C) Davisson-Germer experiment
What is the lowest point of a transverse wave called?
A. Crest
B. Trough
C. Wavelength
D. Frequency
B. Trough
In an X-ray tube, a majority of the electron stream energy is converted into what?
A. X-rays
B. Light
C. Heat
D. Sound
C. Heat
In a transverse wave, how does the motion of the medium's particles relate to the direction of the wave's travel?
A. The particles move parallel to the wave's direction.
B. The particles move perpendicular to the wave's direction.
C. The particles move in a circle as the wave passes.
D. The particles do not move at all.
B. The particles move perpendicular to the wave's direction.
What is the particle motion like in a Rayleigh wave?
A) Particles move side to side, horizontally, parallel to the surface.
B) Particles move in a back-and-forth (compressional) motion.
C) Particles move in a rolling, elliptical motion, similar to ocean waves.
D) Particles move up and down, perpendicular to the wave direction.
C) Particles move in a rolling, elliptical motion, similar to ocean waves.
According to the de Broglie relation, the wavelength of a particle is inversely proportional to which of the following physical quantities?
A) Charge
B) Mass
C) Momentum
D) Energy
C) Momentum
The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs in a transverse wave is known as the:
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Wavelength
D. Wavelength
X-rays are located where on the electromagnetic spectrum relative to ultraviolet (UV) light and gamma rays?
A. After gamma rays
B. Before UV rays
C. Between UV rays and gamma rays
D. At the very beginning of the spectrum
C. Between UV rays and gamma rays
What is an essential characteristic of all mechanical waves?
A. They can travel through a vacuum.
B. They are a type of light wave.
C. They require a medium to transfer energy.
D. They move the medium a long distance along with the wave.
C. They require a medium to transfer energy.
which of the following statements accurately describes surface waves?
A. Surface waves travel faster than P waves and S waves.
B. Surface waves are a type of body wave that travels through the Earth's interior.
C. Surface waves cause the most severe ground movements during an earthquake.
D. Surface waves can travel through the Earth's liquid outer core.
C. surface waves cause the most severe ground movements during an earthquake.
A non-relativistic electron and a proton are accelerated from rest through the same potential difference. Which one has a longer de Broglie wavelength?
A) The electron
B) The proton
C) They have the same de Broglie wavelength
D) Cannot be determined without knowing the potential difference
A) The electron
What is the definition of the amplitude of a transverse wave?
A. The distance between two consecutive crests
B. The distance between a crest and a trough
C. The vertical distance from the center line (rest position) to a crest or trough
D. The number of waves passing a point per second
C. The vertical distance from the center line (rest position) to a crest or trough
The production of characteristic X-rays is dependent on the incident electron having sufficient energy to eject an electron from which shell of the target atom?
A. M-shell
B. L-shell
C. K-shell
D. N-shell
C. K-shell