Ocean Motions
Brings nutrient-rich water up the water column
Upwelling
Organisms that feed on other organisms or organic matter because they cannot produce their own food.
Consumers
Benthos are organisms that live
On the ocean floor
Refers to the variety of living species on Earth, including plants, animals, bacteria & fungi
Biodiversity
Animals in the ____________________ zone must be able to survive periods of being exposed to air as well as periods of being underwater.
Intertidal Zone
This is the lowest point of a wave
Trough
An organisms place in a food chain; figure expressed as a pyramid.
Trophic levels
What are the three major life zones of the sea? Hint: Think HORIZONTAL zones
Intertidal Zone, Neritic Zone, Pelagic Zone
Under which set of conditions would there be more giant kelps in a kelp forest? Think about how the kelp predator’s population is controlled.
More sea otters and fewer sea urchins (population control)
True or false : Ocean-floor research is difficult because of the low pressure and low temperature in the deep ocean. _________________________
False; Deep Sea Pressure is HIGH
_______________ are observable periodic rises & falls of the sea surface, noticeable at the shoreline.
Tides
Consists of many food chains
Food Webs
Living things that inhabit more than one zone:
Plankton, Nekton, Benthos
Who are responsible for removing the flesh from the whale?
Scavengers
The most common plant in a salt marsh is
Cordgrass
Generating Force vs restoring Force
Generating adds energy to water, while Restoring force returns water to level.
These organisms are carnivores and eat herbivores
Secondary consumers
True of False: The neritic zone is the part of the ocean located above the continental shelf.
True
Explain why mangrove trees are important to their coastal habitats.
Protect shorelines from erosion, storm and hurricane winds, waves and floods. Provide habitat for juvenile fish, and other small organisms. Maintain water quality, filtering pollutants and trapping sediments.
Crabs, lobsters, and sponges are examples of ____________________.
Benthos
______________ occur during the new and full moon, greatest range b/w high & low tides while ________________ occur during quarter and half and half-moon; has the least range b/w high & low tides.
Spring Tides ; Neap Tides
The organisms that form the base of a food webs are _________________________.
Primary Producers
Free-swimming animals that can move throughout the water column are called
Nekton
Explain the stages of a whale fall
1. Whale fall- whale dies, sinks to the bottom; 2. Scavenger stages - Scavengers like hag fish- last up to 2 years; 3. Opportunist stage - Animals eat leftovers- other scavengers like zombie worms- last up to 2 years; 4. Sulfophilic Stage - Bone eater like bacteria and tube worms, absorb oil fats and lipids from the bones, last up to 50 years.
Algae can only live in parts of the ocean that receive enough ____________________ to allow them to carry out photosynthesis.
Sunlight