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100
Babylonians, first written law code, criminal laws (against other people), civil law (business), eye for an eye
What is the Code of Hammurabi
100
Earliest monotheistic religion in the world, founded by Abraham, believe that they were "chosen" people, minority religion in the world, suffered severe persecution throughout history.
What is Judaism
100
Evolved out of Hinduism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, believe in reincarnation, dharma, enlightenment, nirvana, 8 fold path and Four Noble Truths, two major types = Theravada (no true god) and Mahayana (many gods); spread to China and most of Asia
What is Buddhism
100
Major Chinese philosophy: 5 key relationships, filial piety (basically know your place in society and respect your elders), education on the classics. Civil service exams based on these values. Respect if key to harmony.
What is Confucianism
100
Greek philosopher who lived in Athens, founded a school in Athens called The Lyceum, one of the most influential philosophers of all time, developed the scientific method; used logic and human thought to try to prove truths, used by Aquinas in the Middle Ages to apply to Christianity, also studied a lot by the Muslims
Who is Aristotle
200
The belief that men are the people who take care of family and that they have a higher status than others. Most agricultural societies use this as a form of social structure.
What is patriarchy
200
Active traders in the Mediterranean Sea. Known for creating the alphabet we use today. (When you think phonics, think these people). Also known for creating expensive purple dye and founding the city of Carthage.
Who are the Phoenicians
200
Chinese dynasty; used feudalism as a system of government, ended in lots of fighting called Period of Warring States
What is Zhou Dynasty
200
Legalist dynasty that took the place of the Zhou after the Period of Warring States. Focused on harsh punishments and strict policies, used peasants for forced labor (conscription) most famous ruler = Qin Shi Huangdi who started the building of the Great Wall of China and had a HUGE army of terracotta soldiers built for his tomb.
What is Qin Dynasty
200
Series of wars fought between the Persians and an alliance of Greek city-states, although the Greeks were outnumbered, they emerged from the war as the winners, Athens and Sparta emerged as the two most powerful city-states after the war
What is Persian War
300
when a king/ruler is also a god (think Egypt and the pharaoh)
What is theocracy
300
Earliest form of writing, used in Mesopotamia (wedge-shaped)
What is cuneiform
300
When a Chinese dynasty receives the blessing from the heavens to rule over China, must have this to have power, started with Zhou Dynasty, similar to the idea of Divine Right of Kinds
What is Mandate of Heaven
300
A Greek city-state. It included the city and surrounding land. This was the most important political unit in Ancient Greece. You pledged loyalty and allegiance to this like we do to the U.S. today. The two most powerful were Athens and Sparta.
What is polis
300
Headed by Athens, this was a group of smaller Greek city-states that gave Athens money in exchange for protection. This league gave wealth and power to Athens. Sparta formed its own league known as the Peloponnesian League and the tensions between the two groups led to conflict and eventually broke out in a war between the two groups
What is the Delian League
400
Persian religion that shared ideas in Judaism and Christianity. Heaven and hell, judgment day, and a belief in a creator god.
What is zoroastrianism
400
Form of writing used by the Egyptians, also known as pictographic writing
What is hieroglyphics
400
Major Chinese philosophy: simple, live at peace with nature, education is not necessary, appeals to the poor even though practiced by some rich
What is Daoism
400
Greek philosopher who lived in Athens, arrested for "corrupting the minds of the Athenian youth" everything we know about his teachings were written down by his student, Plato; known as the founder of Western philosophy
Who is Socrates
400
Ruler of Athens during the Golden Age; had three goals for Athens: 1) strengthen democracy, 2) glorify Athens, 3) expand the Athenian Empire; known as the father of democracy, died during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta
Who is Pericles
500
Jews believe they have this "promise" with God. They consider themselves the "chosen people". This is the reason why Jews remain a minority religion because they do not go out and try to get more people to convert to their religion.
What is covenant
500
Oldest world religion; formed over time; no single founder, believe in reincarnation, dharma (moral law), moksha, caste system; Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva are the 3 major gods, priests are called Brahmins; majority religion of India
What is Hinduism
500
Major Chinese philosophy: Strict government, harsh punishments, bring back order to China in chaos, censorship, used for only small periods of time
What is Legalism
500
Greek philosopher who lived in Athens, founded a school in Athens called The Academy. Most famous for writing The Republic, student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle
Who is Plato
500
Type of democracy that has all citizens participate in an assembly; first used in Athens, different from representative democracy because all citizens participate directly in law making.
What is Direct Democracy