Chapter 1
What provided the primary economic foundation for civilization?
Agriculture
What brought the Byzantine Empire to an end?
The capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire.
In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Eurasia experienced a period of intensified interaction under the rule of the...?
Mongols
What was a long-term effect of the Black Death on European society?
Labor shortages that weakened serfdom
This was the reason why that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World.
They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.
Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both...?
Offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.
The emergence of which practice during the Song dynasty suggests that Chinese women's lives were more restricted than they had been in the Tang dynasty?
Foot binding
How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China?
Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods.
What was was the most characteristic feature of pastoral societies?
Their mobility
This was a reason why Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century.
What was to secure its borders from attack or in pursuit of fur trade?
What is the view of women found in the Quran?
Women were spiritually equal to men.
Like the Arabs and the Persians, the Turks between the tenth and fourteenth centuries...?
Converted to Islam and introduced the religion to the areas they conquered.
In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean...?
Carried more products for a mass market.
What happened to the Mongols in Persia in the fourteenth century?
The Mongols assimilated into Persian society.
In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand?
The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
What contributed to the decline of Buddhism in India?
Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism.
What did the Inca Empire do that the Aztec Empire did not do?
Built a bureaucracy to integrate and control its subjects
Why did the maritime expeditions of the Indian Ocean basin sponsored by the Ming emperor suddenly stop in 1433?
The emperor's successors viewed expansion as a waste of resources.
What was a feature of Mongol rule?
Tolerance of all religions
How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?
They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.
How did Confucianism affect Chinese society?
Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual.
What could women do in both the Aztec and Inca empires?
Exercise political authority
The Sand Roads linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world to the land and peoples of...?
Interior West Africa.
Why was promoting international commerce important to the Mongols?
They wanted to extract wealth from civilizations by taxing trade.
What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America?
Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself.