Passes and Pressure
In 1980s South Africa, this small part of the population ran the country.
Who were the white minority?
In the 1920s, this political shift emerged in Spain to push changes to make life better.
What was the Second Republic?
Cuba’s economy stayed strong thanks to these two major goods.
What are tobacco and sugar?
During the potato famine, there was food, but this power would not give it, or made people pay for it.
Who were the British?
Born in Denison, Texas, he coached football at St. Mary’s and later became Supreme Allied Commander in WWI.
Who was Dwight D. Eisenhower?
Black South Africans needed these to get into white areas.
What were passes?
After a military uprising began, Franco led this side in the civil war.
Who were the Nationalists?
According to U.S. policy in the notes, if a Cuban did this, they could quickly get legal status.
What is stepping onto U.S. soil?
This 1916 rebellion began on Easter Monday and was put down with brutal violence.
What was the Easter Rising?
Born May 3, 1916, went to St. Mary’s Law School, and became the first Mexican American elected to Congress from Texas.
Who was Henry B. González?
This system made segregation strict and controlled where Black people could live, work, and move.
What was apartheid?
Franco asked these two fascist leaders for help in taking Madrid.
Who were Hitler and Mussolini?
Cuba went through a very difficult time when this collapsed, because it lost its main source of support.
What was the Soviet Union falling apart?
In 1921, England granted limited self-rule through this new political arrangement.
What was the Irish Free State?
She led the pecan shellers strike, involving about 10,000 workers.
Who was Emma Tenayuca?
This leader joined the ANC, spent 28 years on Robben Island, and refused freedom until others were free too.
Who was Nelson Mandela?
Franco used this force to put down strikes and uprisings.
What was the Guardia Civil?
Cuba’s dictator before Castro, known in the notes for violence and killing college students.
Who was Fulgencio Batista?
Under strict gender rules, girls could be labeled this for walking alone, speaking up, or not fitting in.
What is “fallen”?
A 2018 student who researched internment in Texas and talked to someone who lived in the Crystal City camp.
Who was Nicole Johnson?
The lecture says voting rights came not just from “good leaders,” but from these forces working together.
What were protests, pressure, and people not accepting a system based on fear?
The lecture says dictatorships stay in power not only through force, but by controlling these three things.
What are education, fear, and memory?
The lecture describes Cuba as stuck between these powers over time.
What were Spain, the U.S., and the Cold War powers?
The laundries system started to break when survivors spoke up and lawyers pushed for these two outcomes.
What are prosecution and accountability?
From 1941 to 1945, more than this number of Japanese, Italian, and German people were held in Texas.
What is more than 7,000?