Athenian government
___means people as well as city
Polis
In Sparta, what was cherished above all else?
Military fitness
Cleisthenes also may have introduced this, first used in 487 BC. 6,000 of the citizens, exiled man's property maintained.
used preemptively, threat. no relation to justice, no defense, exile not a penalty
ostracism
26 miles east of Athens. An ideal landing spot for the Persians, close to Athens.
Marathon
Greek historian, Athenian general.
wrote the History of the Peloponnesian War
Thucydides
___ was a council of 400-500 citizens appointed to run daily affairs of city.
Boule
In this place, boys were fed "just the right amount for them never to become sluggish through being too full, while also giving them a taste of what it is not to have enough.“
scrounging was encouraged. studied reading, writing, music and dancing.
The Agoge
"father of Athenian democracy.“-decrees were carved in stone tablets and set up in a public place
Cleisthenes
Spartans held out here for three days, till all were killed in battle.
Thermopylae
founded in 478 BC
association of Greek city-states
members- 150 to 173
under leadership of Athens
Delian League
it means the "few rule”
Oligarchy
majority population of Sparta
Helots
He was a philosopher/poet. Given unlimited authority, but understood would leave once his task completed. Believed main cause of trouble with selfishness. Demanded redistribution of land. debts of small farmers were cancelled.
Solon
He tried to cross Hellespont, but his ships were destroyed. Had the waves whipped 300 times.
Xerxes
“voice like a mountain torrent”, Persuasive strategos, representative of commercial class, though he aristocrat himself. warmonger and a demagogue.
Cleon
Archons served one year. But then joined the_____.
Areopagus
His laws added Five Ephors. laws considered sacred
Lycurgus
Name for laws instituted by Solon
when serfdom and slavery were rampant in Athens
Solon's laws were inscribed on large wooden slabs
Shaking off the Burdens
The runner who brought news to Athens of victory, then ran to Sparta to request aid.
Pheidippides
largest city on Lesbos
tried to break free from the League
Athenians blockaded, hoping for tribute and to surrender. Cleon called to punish by putting the men put to death, women and children enslaved.
Mytilene
Archons appointed aristocrat _____to codify laws. meant to put an end to blood feuds.
Draco
what two Spartans did the Ephors share power with
The Two Kings
resident aliens
did not have citizen rights
Metics
Xerxes famously said of her “my men have become women and my women men”
Artemisia
Syracusans and their allies defeated Athenians. Demosthenes argued for retreat to Athens, _____ refused, _____ agreed to a retreat until a bad omen- a lunar eclipse. Delay was costly, forced major sea battle in the Great Harbor of Syracuse.
Nicias