Energy Transfer
Sun heats top layer of water which slowly heats lower layers
What is conduction?
It is "a natural process that warms the Earth's surface by trapping heat in the atmosphere"?
What is Green House effect?
It is when water vapor is changed into a liquid state.
What is condensation?
The equator is always warm because it receives this kind of sunlight.
What is direct sunlight?
Air moves because of differences in this.
What is pressure?
heat/energy transfer through waves of photons from the sun
What is radiation?
Why is the greenhouse effect essential for life on Earth, and what would happen if it didn’t exist?
It traps heat from the sun in the atmosphere, maintaining a suitable temperature for life to exist; without it, the Earth would be significantly colder, essentially an icy wasteland, as the heat would readily escape back into space, making the planet uninhabitable for most life forms as we know them
When the ground is saturated with moisture and there is excess precipitation causing water to go into water reservoirs
What is run off?
This imaginary line around which Earth rotates is tilted relative to its orbit around the Sun.
What is Earth's axis?
These winds, found near the equator, blow from east to west and were historically used by sailors.
What are the trade winds?
Hot air rising to cool and cool air falling to warm is labeled this
What is Convection Circulation (or thermal cell)?
How do the oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and what processes are involved?
Oceans absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere primarily through a physical process where carbon dioxide simply dissolves in seawater, chemically reacting to form carbonic acid, and then further breaking down into bicarbonate ions; additionally, marine plants like phytoplankton also absorb CO2 through photosynthesis, contributing to the ocean's ability to act as a carbon sink.
what are some benefits and barriers of surface reservoirs
benefit: backup water supply during emergencies, barrier
The longest and shortest days of the year occur during these two events.
What are the solstices?
This local wind occurs during the day when land heats faster than water, causing warm air to rise and cooler air to move in from the ocean
What is a sea breeze?
This is the transfer of heat from molecule to molecule within a substance
What is Conduction?
How do human activities (list one or two examples) contribute to global climate change?
Burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and farming livestock are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming
what is the difference between infiltration and percolation
infiltration is the process by which water sinks into the ground whereas percolation describes how the water when in the ground, moves through soil
This event occurs twice a year when day and night are approximately equal in length worldwide.
What is an equinox?
This type of front occurs when warm air slowly moves over cold air, bringing steady rain and clouds.
What is a warm front?
[DOUBLE JEOPARDY] This is Wien’s law on radiation
What is "objects of different temperature peak in energy at different wavelengths"?
Explain how sea level rise is connected to human-induced climate change.
Sea level rise is directly linked to human-induced climate change because the primary cause of rising sea levels is the warming of the Earth's oceans due to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, which leads to both the thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, adding more water to the ocean basins
how does global warming impact the water cycle?
increased temperatures means increased atmospheric humidity capacity and more energy released during condensation and precipitation so there are larger storms
This factor, caused by both natural processes like volcanic eruptions and human activities like greenhouse gas emissions, leads to long-term shifts in climate.
What is climatic change?
This type of front forms when a mass of cold air pushes warm air upward, often resulting in thunderstorms or heavy rain.
What is a cold front?