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What is a cloud?
liquid water droplets suspended in the air
Transfer means ...
to move from place to another
what is condensation
the process by which a gas changes to a liquid
What is an air parcel?
amount of air traveling as a unit
Define weather..
The state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain,
WHAT IS EVAPORATION?
the process by which a liquid changes to a gas.
WHAT IS WATER VAPOR?
WATER AS A GAS
What is temperature?
degree of hotness or coldness measured by a thermometer with a numerical scale
when something becomes different over time
Define energy.
the ability to make things move or change
In an air parcel, how is energy transferred?
[From the warm air parcel to the colder surrounding air.]
What determines how much an air parcel will cool?
[An air parcel cools more when it travels higher into the troposphere, where the surrounding air temperature is colder. It will travel higher in the troposphere if the parcel starts out warmer because it will have more energy to lose in order to reach the temperature of the surrounding air.]
As energy transfers, what happens to the air parcel?
[Its temperature changes and rises higher in the troposphere.]
When does an air parcel stop losing energy?
[The air parcel stops losing energy when it becomes stable. This happens when the air parcel rises until the temperature is equal to the temperature of the surrounding air.]
What determines if an air parcel will rise?
[When it is warmer than the surrounding air.]
When the air parcel is warmer than the surrounding air, the air parcel will rise in the troposphere. As the air parcel is rising it is losing energy and the temperature of the air parcel will continue to change until it is stable with the surrounding temperature. What happens when the parcel starts with a higher temperature?
[The temperature will need to change more so that it will become stable with the surrounding temperature.]
What happens when an air parcel rises higher in the troposphere?
[When an air parcel rises higher in the troposphere it enters colder and colder temperatures, it changes its temperature more, and it loses more energy to become stable. The more energy it loses, the more it cools, and the more liquid water condenses leading to more rainfall.]
Why would warm temperatures lead to more rainfall?
[Warmer air means more evaporation and more water vapor in a parcel. Warmer air parcels also rise higher in the troposphere and so they lose more energy and cool more.]
Explain how the sun heats the air.
[Energy from the sun is transferred to Earth's surface, and some of this energy is then transferred to the air.]
When does an air parcel temperature change stop?
[The air parcel stops losing energy when its temperature is equal to the surrounding air temperature. This is when it is stable.]
What causes rainfall in Gale town?
When liquid water becomes warmer it can evaporate and become water vapor in the air.
An air parcel is an amount of air that moves together. On Day 1 and Day 2, the air parcel above Anzac started with the same amount of water vapor in it. It rained at the end of Day 2 but it did not rain at the end of Day 1.
The air parcel was warmer than the surrounding air on Day 2, so it lost energy on Day 2 but not on Day 1.
Why do some rainstorms have more rain than others?
tropical storm winds will strengthen as temperatures rise, and studies have shown that storms with stronger winds tend to produce higher rainfall
Dayton had two rainstorms in June. Storm 1 had more rainfall than Storm 2. The temperature of the surrounding areas was the same before both storms. What conditions could have caused Storm 1 to have more rainfall than Storm 2? Before Storm 1, Dayton could have been:
warmer than before Storm 2 and windy. Wind pushed the warmer air parcel even higher and the air parcel lost more energy.
Air Parcel 1 is warmer than the surrounding air. Air Parcel 2 is at the same temperature as the surrounding air. Air Parcel 1 and Air Parcel 2 started with the same amount of water vapor in them. Which air parcel will have more rainfall and why?
Air Parcel 1 will lose energy to the surrounding air, which will cause more water vapor to fall as rain