Weathering
The process in which rock is broken down and the mineral makeup is changed is _______________.
chemical weathering
The process by which soil and sediments are transferred from one location to another is _________________.
Erosion
The process of adding sediments to a new place after being carried from another is called ______________.
Deposition
______________ is the main process that shapes Earth's surface?
Water running downhill
Solid weathered particles that are moved from one place to another are __________.
Sediments
The process in which rock is broken down but the minerals that make up the rock do not change is __________________.
mechanical weathering
Canyons are formed by
Moving Water
The sediments a river carries can be deposited in different places because
as water slows down it has less energy and can carry less sediment
Waters often slow down at the low areas at the mouth of a river. There fine sediments are deposited in areas called river ____________.
Deltas
Acid rain is an example of ________________.
Ice wedging is an example of _______________________.
Mechanical Weathering
Planting cover crops helps prevent _________________. How?
Erosion. Plant roots help prevent soil erosion by holding the soil in place.
A ____________ is that part of the landscape that is likely to receive the overflow water and sediment from a flooded river.
floodplain
In some places farmers depend on flooding because the sediments add important ___________ to the soil for growing crops.
Minerals
What was the main factor that caused the Dust Bowl?
Drought
A sidewalk has small cracks that get bigger over time. In winter, water gets into the cracks and freezes. In summer, rainwater slowly wears the surface away.
What types of weathering are happening to the sidewalk? Explain
The sidewalk is experiencing mechanical weathering because the water freezes in the cracks and makes them bigger. It is also experiencing chemical weathering because the rain slowly wears down the surface of the sidewalk over time.
what are the four agents of erosion
Water, wind, ice, gravity
As rivers flow to the ocean, they carry along _______ that ocean plants and animals use to carry on life processes.
Sediments and dissolved minerals
Freezing and thawing cause mechanical weathering when water gets into cracks in a rock, freezes, and expands. As the water expands, it pushes the cracks wider.
Explain how moving water can cause erosion and change the shape of the land over time. Use an example to support your answer.
Moving water causes erosion by carrying away soil and rock from one place and depositing it in another. Over time, this movement can change the shape of the land, such as forming riverbanks, valleys, or deltas.
Two rocks are found on a mountain.
Rock A has cracks and pieces breaking off after winter.
Rock B has become smaller and rough after years of rain
What type of weathering is happening to each rock? Explain how you know using what you know about weathering.
Rock A is going through mechanical weathering because water can freeze in cracks during winter and break the rock apart.
Rock B is going through chemical weathering because rain can slowly change the rock by reacting with minerals and wearing it down over time.
After a heavy rainstorm, a hill has deep grooves in the soil and mud collected at the bottom near a stream.
Explain how erosion caused these changes. Which force of erosion is most likely responsible, and why? Use evidence from the description to support your answer.
rosion caused the soil to be carried away by water. The heavy rain moved soil down the hill, creating grooves, and deposited the mud near the stream. This shows water erosion because rain and flowing water can pick up and move soil from one place to another.
After a flood, a river leaves behind sand and dirt on the land next to it.
Why did the sand and dirt stop moving and get left there? Explain
The sand and dirt stopped moving because the water slowed down. When the water didn’t have enough energy to carry them anymore, they were dropped in that spot. This is called deposition.
Compare and contrast mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.
Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing the rock. Chemical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces and changes the rock.
Explain how wind or water causes erosion and describe one landform that can be created as a result.
Wind or water causes erosion by moving soil and rock from one place to another. For example, flowing water can carry sediment downstream and deposit it elsewhere, forming landforms like riverbanks, valleys, or deltas over time.