Asthma Peter Jones
what are two examples of Beta agonist bronchodilators?
salbutamol
terbutaline (bricanyl)
At which ribs does the diaphragm end anteriorly, posteriorly and in the axillary.
6. 8. 10.
What portion of the respiratory system intiates the gag/cough reflex?
Carina - very sensitive, this is the the part when the trachea bifurcates into left and right main bronchus
Does food get stuck in the right or left main bronchus? and why?
right because it is more vertical
Which division of the autonomic nervous system predominates in controlling bronchioles?
Parasympathetic
What is tachyphylaxis
A high intensity prolonged stimulus or repeated stimulus that can cause a diminished response known as desensitisation
The anterior axillary line is bordered by the pectoralis major. The posterior axillary line is formed by the.......
Latissimus dorsi and teres major
Can both plerual linings be dissected from the lungs?
nO, THE visceral plerua cannot be dissected
what happens to FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio in restrictive
FVC is reduced FEV1/FVC ratio is similar
Where is the resistance to airflow greatest in the respiratory system?
Bronchi near trachea
6 puffs of Ventolin via a spacer = ??? through a Ventolin nebule
2.5 mg Ventolin nebule
which types of cells produce surfactant in the alveoli
Type 2 pneumocytes
what happnes to lung elasticity and compliance during emphysema
compliance increases elasticity decreases
what Are the 3 types of Horners syndrome and describe each one
miosis
partial ptosis
anhydrosis
Mode of action of Cromones are?
Prevention of allergic response
The onset of Type 4 hypersensitivity is?
24-72 hours
Bob has been transported to the Emergency Department with a suspected pneumothorax and is in respiratory distress. The ED physician determines that he needs an urgent chest drain. Where is the typical location for a chest drain to be inserted (be specific)?
Between the 5th and 7th intercostal space in the mid-axillary line (may also be done in the 4th intercostal space)
what happens to FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio in obstructive
both decreace
Conjunctival pallor in a resp physical examination could indicate what possible disease ?
lung tumour in the apex
what is the mode of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists and give an example
eg montelukast , saferlukast
blocks action of leukotriene D4 by inhibiting cysteinyl receptor
Which of the following blood types incompatibilities between the mother and the newborn is most commonly associated with Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) and what antibody is involved?
A) ABO incompatibility + IgG
B) ABO incompatibility + IgM
C) Rh incompatibility + IgG
D) Rh incompatibility + IgM
Rh incompatibility + IgG
list all the muscles that depress the ribs
In Type 3 Hypersensitivity reactions, which mechanism plays a significant role in the destruction of target cells or tissues?
Formation of immune complexes
Wrist tenderness in PES examination is indicative of what disease?
HPOA
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
In the context of asthma management, muscarinic antagonists (anticholinergics) are often used alongside beta2-adrenergic agonists like albuterol. How do the mechanisms of action of these two types of medications differ, and why is their combination beneficial in asthma treatment?
Muscarinic antagonists block the action of acetylcholine, while beta2-adrenergic agonists stimulate adrenergic receptors, providing complementary bronchodilation and reducing the risk of tachycardia.