Psych as a science
Psychology uses a what based method?
Evidence-based method
Before 300 B.C.E, this person used observation to understand the body-psyche relationship and answered questions through observation.
Aristotle
Influenced by Darwin, studied evolved functions of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Functionalism
What is an action that can be observed or recorded?
Behavior
Our tendency to pay attention to evidence/information that supports our existing beliefs.
Confirmation bias
Psychology is considered the science of behavior and what?
Mental processes
One of the fathers of modern psychology, distinguished psychology as a science. The first person who considered himself a psychologist.
Wilhelm Wundt
Defined psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior, a major force of psychology in the 1960's.
Behaviorism
What is an internal, subjective, experience inferred from behavior?
Mental processes
Includes leaping to unwarranted conclusions, faulty reasoning, and ignoring alternative explanations in the face of our own expectations.
Unscientific thinking
A person is the way they are because of the way they were raised and the environment they are in is from what school of thought?
Nurture
William James
Focused on ways that current environments nurture or limit growth potential and the importance of having the needs for love and acceptance satisfied. Led by Carl Rodgers and Abraham Maslow.
Humanistic psychology
A detailed explanation that has been tested many times and has not been proven to be false.
Theory
Evidence-based research through direct and/or indirect observation. Conclusions are derived from concrete, verifiable evidence.
Empirical research
A person is the way they are because that is how they were born is an example of what school of thought?
Nature
Emphasized how unconscious thought processes and emotional responses to childhood experiences affect later behavior.
Sigmund Freud
Explores ways in which information is perceived, processed, and remembered. The science of the mind.
Cognitive Psychology
A precise, testable prediction about the relationship between two variables.
Hypothesis
She was a memory researcher and the first APA female president. She studied with James Wundt but faced discrimination and was denied a Ph. D.
Mary Whiton Calkins
This type of thinking examines assumptions, appraises the source, and discerns hidden biases to evaluate evidence.
Critical thinking
Mentored by Wundt, this scientist encouraged self-reported introspection, reporting on sensations in reaction to stimuli.
Titchener
Ties the science of the mind with the science of the brain. Focuses on the brain activity underlying mental activity.
Cognitive neuroscience
A tool used to explore the relationship between variables.
Scientific method
Margaret Floy Washburn