BREATHING BASICS
This muscle is the primary muscle of respiration and separates the chest from the abdomen.
What is the diaphragm?
The Modified Borg Scale is used to measure this subjective feeling during exercise.
What is dyspnea (or shortness of breath)?
This is the primary purpose of pursed-lip breathing.
What is to slow breathing and reduce shortness of breath?
Another common name for diaphragmatic breathing.
What is belly breathing or abdominal breathing?
This breathing technique involves focusing breath into different sections of the lungs and is often used in pulmonary rehabilitation.
What is segmental breathing?
This term describes the number of breaths you take per minute, with a normal range for adults being 12-20.
What is respiratory rate?
On the Modified Borg Scale, this number represents "moderate" shortness of breath.
What is 3?
When performing pursed-lip breathing, you should inhale through this part of the body.
What is the nose?
When practicing diaphragmatic breathing, this body part should rise during inhalation.
What is the abdomen or belly?
This three-phase breathing technique helps clear mucus from the lungs without forced coughing
What is autogenic drainage?
This breathing pattern involves rapid, shallow breathing and can occur during anxiety or panic.
What is hyperventilation?
True or False: The Modified Borg Scale runs from 0-20.
False (It runs from 0-10)
The ideal ratio of inhalation to exhalation time when doing pursed-lip breathing.
What is 1:2? (or inhale for 2 counts, exhale for 4 counts)
True or False: When performing diaphragmatic breathing, the chest should expand significantly.
False (The abdomen should expand while the chest remains relatively still)
This breathing pattern alternates between deep and shallow breaths and is part of the Active Cycle of Breathing Technique.
What is thoracic expansion exercises?
These two muscles in the neck are known as "accessory breathing muscles" and are often overused in COPD
What are the sternocleidomastoid muscles?
When using the Borg Scale during pulmonary rehabilitation, patients are typically advised to exercise at this range.
What is 3-4? (or "moderate" breathlessness)
This everyday activity is an excellent time to practice pursed-lip breathing
What is climbing stairs? (Also accept: walking uphill, bending, lifting)
This is a recommended position for beginners learning diaphragmatic breathing.
What is lying on your back with knees bent?
This breathing technique originated in yoga and involves alternate nostril breathing.
What is Nadi Shodhana?
This breathing complication in pulmonary disease is defined as having an elevated carbon dioxide level in the blood.
What is hypercapnia?
This is the rating on the Modified Borg Scale that correlates with "severe" or "very severe" breathlessness, at which point exercise should typically be reduced or stopped.
What is 7 or higher?
This physiological benefit of pursed-lip breathing helps keep airways open longer during exhalation.
What is positive expiratory pressure?
This organ system benefits from diaphragmatic breathing through increased lymphatic flow and decreased stress response.
What is the immune system?
This technique combines controlled breathing with specific head and body positions to drain mucus from different lung segments.
What is postural drainage?