Week 1 Review

complications of intravenous therapy

100

two type of complications from intravenous therapy 

what is...infiltration, Extravasation, fluid overload, Phlebitis/thrombophlebitis?

200

Findings: pain, burning, redness, swelling, can lead to SEVERE skin damage.

what is extravasation? 

300

Findings: pallor, local swelling, decreased skin temp, damp dressing, slowed infusion “distal occlusion.”

what is Infiltration?

400

possible treatment for the following findings: distended neck veins, increased BP, tachycardia, SOB, crackles in lungs, edema

what is lasix? what is slowed infusion? what is discontinue IV fluids? what is oxygen?

500

Low oxygen sats, shortness of breath, chest pain, blood cough

what is a catheter embolus? 

Medication Effects

100

three types of medication effects 

what are CNS Effects, anticholinergic effects, cardiovascular, GI, hematologic, toxicity, allergy, EPS, immunosupression, and food interactions? 

200

Dizziness, hypotension, drowsiness, confusion, decreased RR

what is CNS depressants?

300

insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, paranoia, anxiety, chest pain

what is CNS stimulation? 

400

rash, itchiness, shortness of breath, wheezing, angioedema

what is a medication allergy? 

500

1. ”Blind as a bat” (blurred vision, dilated pupils)
2. “Dry as a bone” (dry mouth and skin)
3. “Red as a beet” (vasodilation/flushing)
4. “Mad as a hatter” (confusion, cognitive impairment, delirium, agitation, hallucinations, tremors, ataxia)
5. “Hot as a hare” (hyperthermia)
6. “And the heart runs alone” (tachycardia)

what are anticholinergic effects? 

Antimicrobial Therapy

100

Methods of antimicrobial actions (name 3)

what is : 

• Destroying the cell wall

• Inhibiting the conversion of an enzyme unique for bacterium’s survival

• Impairing protein synthesis

• Disrupting bacterial synthesis or function of DNA/ RNA

• Inhibiting viral replication. 

200

Classifications of antimicrobial therapy (all)

what are:

• Broad spectrum: wide variety of bacteria 

• Narrow spectrum: few types of bacteria

• bactericidal : lethal

• Bacteriostatic: slow the growth so the immune system can catch up and kill bacteria. 

300

Name an antibiotics affecting the bacterial cell wall

• Penicillins (do not use)

• Cephalosporins- pick one 

• Carbapenems-pick one

• Monobactams-pick one 

• Vancomycin- must do

• Aztreonam

• Fosfomycin 

400

name an antibiotics that affects protein synthesis

what are 

• Tetracyclines ( do not do)

• Macrolides- pick 2 

• Aminoglycosides-pick 2 

• Streptomycin 

500

Name a consideration to teach patients when taking tetracycline

• Few serious adverse effects. Most common is gastric distress. Po should NOT be taken with milk or iron

• Should not be given to children younger than 8 for risk of yellow-brown discoloration in permanent teeth. 

• Affects fetal bone growth and teeth development, avoid in pregnancy. 

• Increased skin sensitivity with UV light 

• Doxycycline can increase dig toxicity. 

Intravenous therapy

100

indication for IV therapy 

• Supplement fluid intake, give fluid replacement, electrolytes, or nutrients. 

• Give medications for individuals who do not tolerate po intake/ po form of medications

200

two advantages for IV therapy 

• Rapid effects 

• Precise amounts (if done correctly). 

• Constant therapeutic blood levels. 

• Less irritation to subQ and muscle. 

• Permits use of medication with irritant properties. 

300

two disadvantages to IV therapy 

• Circulatory overload

• Immediate absorption and leaves little time to correct errors

• Vein irritation

• infection

400

(all) types of IV therapy 

1. Continuous fluids: expressed as mL/hr

2. IV push/ bolus: SMALL volume injection that can be concentrated or diluted and typically infused over 1-2 min. 

3. Intermittent/ Piggyback: smaller volume as well but typically over LONGER amount of time than iv push/bolus

500

pink catheter is which gauge? 

what is a 20G IV