Anatomy of Upper Airway
what are the three parts of the upper airway
nose, pharynex.larnyx
What is the literal definition of apnea
No breath
What is the main muscle in ventilation
diaphragm
The volume of air air breathe in and out
VT Tidal volume
What gas determines how fast of slow we breathe
Co2
What part of the upper airway is separated into 4 parts
Pharynx
How many seconds is a scorable apnea
10 seconds
What is the major organ of gas exchange
Lungs
The volume of air breathed in one minute
VE Volume exhaled
What does hypoventilation mean
Low breathing
What are the two structures that move in the upper airway
tongue and soft palate
What is the required percentage signal drop to define an hypopnea
30%
Where does gas exchange take place
Alveoli
Upper airway resistance is increased during sleep because muscle tone increases or decreases
Decreases
What O2 range does the brain respond to correct itself and initiate a breath
70mmhg
How does the diaphragm react during inhalation
It flattens
Name three causes of sleep apnea
CNS respiratory disease,obstructions
What are the three major parts of the lower airway
Trachea, bronchus/bronchioles and alveoli
Does upper airway resistance increase or decrease in deeper stages of sleep
Increases
Between hypoxia and hypercarbia, only hypercarbia causes arousals
True or False
False
Both cause arousals
What is the neck size of someone suspected of having OSA
Men 17inches/43 cm
Women 16inches/42cm
Name at least two social side effects of untreated sleep apnea
sleepy when driving, irritable ,concentration, lack of energy, sexual drive
What structure connects the upper airway to the lower airway and bifurcates into the bronchi
Trachea
What stages of sleep are your muscles most relaxed
REM
What Co2 range does the brain respond to correct itself and send a signal to breathe faster
55-65mmhg