Population density
In a logistic growth model, population density stabilizes at this maximum sustainable size.What name is given to this terminology
Carrying capacity
Remember this is the largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support.
What is the position an organism occupies in a food chain.
What is the rule stating that only 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels?
Trophic level
10% rule
Remember = Only 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next = 90% loss
A nonspecific defensive response of the body to tissue injury characterized by dilation of blood vessels and swelling.
This innate response helps fight infection indirectly by creating conditions unfavorable for microbial growth.
Inflamation
Fever
In the same population, there are 3 deaths. What is the death rate?
0.1
In a population of 10 with 3 births and 1 death, this is the population growth rate (r).
r=0.2
What does a J-shaped curve represent?
What does an S- curve represent?
If births and immigration exceed deaths and emigration, population density will do this.
Exponential Growth
Logistic growth
increase
What Organisms that make their own food using sunlight?
What organisms cannot make their own food and consume plants, animals or organic matter to obtain energy and nutrients
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
This molecule is found on pathogens and triggers an immune response, rather than doing the attacking.
Vaccines stimulate this type of immunity without causing disease.
An antigen
Active Immunity
Given that a population of 30 cows has 6 births, what is the birth rate?
0.2
Using logistic growth, if N1 = 50, b = 0.6, d = 0.1, and K = 100, what is the growth increment (G) for that time period
G =12.5
A limiting factor that affects populations depending on their density give an example
These factors limit population size regardless of how many individuals are present give an example
Density dependent factor e.g predation
Density independent factors e.g wildfires
What are the two most common limiting nutrients in aquatic ecosystems?
The process of rapid growth of algae due to excess nutrients in the water.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Eutrophication ( or an algal bloom)
What type of cells are involved in the humoral immune response?
This immune response is immediate, nonspecific, and does NOT improve with repeated exposure.
B cells
Innate immunity
Imagine a population of 50 butterflies, if 3 butterflies are born and 2 die what is the value of G?
1
With N1 = 100, r = 0.05, and K = 150, the logistic N2 population size for the lush-planet Nerf Herders rounds to this value?
~101.67
This ecological factor limits population density by restricting resources like food, water, or space.
What is the most common population distribution pattern in nature, where individuals group together due to factors like resource availability or social behavior.
Limiting factor?
Clumped distribution?
What is the process by which toxic chemicals become more concentrated at higher trophic levels?
What type of organism is most likely to have the highest concentration of toxins like mercury?
Biomagnification
Tertiary consumers (top predators)?
A patient gets infected twice by the same pathogen, and the second response is faster and stronger due to these cells.
This branch of adaptive immunity directly destroys infected body cells rather than releasing antibodies.
Memory cells
Cell-mediated immunity
Imagine a population totaling 200 individuals. During the first month, 70 new individuals are born and 30 die. What will the population be at N2?
240
What happens if a person lacks memory B cells?
they cant recongize previously encountered pathogens
The physical location where the members of a population live
This census method involves capturing, marking, releasing, and recapturing individuals to estimate total population size.
A habitat
Mark-recapture
What are the usable forms of nitrogen produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
What nutrient is abundant in the environment but still limits biological growth due to its unusable form?
Ammonia (NH₃) and nitrate (NO₃⁻)
Nitrogen gas (N₂)
What Produces antibodies?
What alerts B cells to action?
B-cells
T-cells specifically T-helper cells
What would be the size of a population of ducks at the end of the time period if N1= 30, b=0.2, d = 0.1, and K=100
32
How can a population continue growing even if the birth rate decreases?
increased immigration