X-Ray Production
X-rays are produced when high-speed electrons strike this target material
Tungsten
A beam containing many different photon energies is described as this
Heterogeneous (polyenergetic)
When x-rays pass through matter without interaction, this occurs
Transmission
Areas where x-rays pass easily appear this color of a radiograph
Black (radiolucent)
Increasing source-to-object distance reduces this unwanted effect
Magnification
Most energy produced in the x-ray tube becomes this
Heat
The sudden deceleration of electrons that produces most dental x-rays is called this
Bremsstrahlung radiation
Low-energy photons that contribute to patient dose but not image quality are removed by this
Filtration
Complete absorption of an x-ray photon by matter is called this
Photoelectric absorption
Dense structures that block x-rays appear this
White (radiopaque)
Keeping the receptor parallel to the tooth minimizes this
Distortion
Material surrounding the tube that absorbs heat and radiation is called this
Insulating oil
Characteristic radiation occurs when an incoming electron ejects an electron from this part of the atom
Inner shell
Increasing kVp increases both the energy and this of the beam
Penetrating ability (or intensity)
Interaction that produces scattered radiation and reduces image contrast
Compton scatter
Teeth structures such as enamel are more radiopaque because they contain more of this element
Calcium
The central ray should strike the receptor at this angle for accurate images
Perpendicular (90 degrees)
The protective outer covering of the tube is known as this
Only about this small percentage of electron energy becomes x-rays; the rest becomes heat
The central, most useful part of the x-ray beam is called this
Primary beam
Scattered radiation primarily travels in this general direction relative to the incoming beam
Forward direction
Soft tissues appear in shades of gray due to this level of absorption
Moderate absorption
Short target-receptor distance increases this problem
Magnification and blur
Continuous exposure without cooling can damage this component
X-ray tube
The rotating or stationary component that dissipates heat away rom the target is part of this electrode
Anode
Radiation that escapes from the tube housing in directions other than the primary beam is called this
Leakage radiation
The photoelectric effect is more likely with this type of photon energy
Low-energy photons
An object's density, thickness, and atomic number collectively determine this radiographic property
Radiopacity
The principle describing accurate shadow reproduction us known as this law
Shadow casting principle
Allowing time between exposures prevents overheating of this specific area
Tungsten target (anode focal spot)