IOM Ch. 2
1. An intervention that occurs before it is known who will develop a disorder and who will not.
2. The total number of cases over a given period of time.
3. The number of new cases in a population.
4. Having more than one MED disorder.
1. What is prevention?
2. What is prevalence?
3. What is incidence?
4. What is comorbidity?
Gordon (1983) proposed an alternative classification system of prevention from Caplan’s (1964) primary, secondary, and tertiary approach. What are the 3 classes of prevention Gordon (1983) proposed?
What is Universal, Selective, Indicated
Which of the following categories represents a similarity between universal and targeted programs?
A. They are intended to be used in different contexts rather than in combination
B. Both can be extremely costly
C. Both can have a marked effect at the population level
D. Both have effects that are hard to evaluate
What is B. Both can be extremely costly?
The mental health intervention spectrum tends to range from:
A. Prevention, treatment, promotion, maintenance
B. Promotion, prevention, treatment, maintenance
C. Prevention, treatment, promotion, maintenance
What is (B) Promotion, Prevention, Treatment, Maintenance?
What is Sharon’s preferred way of brewing coffee:
A. espresso machine
B. french press
C. hand-dripped pour over
D. cold brew
E. moka pot
What is (A) espresso machine?
But trick question, love them all for different occasions!
Why is it difficult to estimate incidence in United States populations?
There is a lack of data from repeated, representative sampling.
What does the following definition refer to: “efforts to enhance individuals' ability to achieve developmentally appropriate tasks and a positive sense of self-esteem, mastery, well-being, and social inclusion, and to strengthen their ability to cope with adversity”
What is Mental Health Promotion
Which of the following categories is interested in sensitivity in addition to positive predictive value?
A. Researchers
B. Clinicians
C. Administrators
D. Policymakers
What is D. Policymakers?
In Ch 2, the authors present a conceptualization of mental health as including both the _____ of disorders and _____ of health. Studying mental health is particularly important in fostering positive and healthy ______’s developments.
What is prevention, promotion, children?
Alexa’s all-time favorite TV show is...
A. Stranger Things
B. Lizzie McGuire
C. Friday Night Lights
D. The O.C.
What is (C) Friday Night Lights?
True or False: MEB disorders seem to have more in common with chronic diseases, e.g., CVD, than with infectious diseases in having multiple risk factors. Research has identified many predictors, i.e., environmental risk and protective factors, for MEB disorders in young people.
True
True or False: Research and interventions on prevention of MEB disorders should not focus on interventions that occur before onset, but those that include promotion of mental health
What is False
Which of the following categories is/are considered advantage(s) of universal prevention programs in the Offord (2000) article?
A. No labeling or stigmatization
B. Behaviorally appropriate
C. Potentially efficient
D. Potential of addressing problems early on
E. A and B
F. A and C
G. A and D
What is (E) A and B?
A. No labeling or stigmatization
B. Behaviorally appropriate
The meta-analysis of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in young people around the world indicate which of the following true prevalence statistics:
A. About 1/4 of children with diagnoses have a disorder that causes significant functional impairment
B. About 1/2 of the children with diagnoses have a disorder that causes significant functional impairment
C. Anxiety/depressive disorders were the most common diagnostic group
D. A review of studies showed that experiences of disorders started after preschool years
What is (B) About 1/2 of the children with diagnoses have a disorder that causes significant functional impairment?
Which of the following is a description of Kenz’s ideal morning:
A. Skiing the slopes of CO before tons of people show up
B. Cup of coffee with a book on the beach in Fl (or somewhere warm and beachy)
C. Sitting at desk in State College, PA staring at her laptop screen
D. Eating a warm cinnamon bun, snuggled on couch with her dogs at home in CT
What is (B) Cup of coffee with a book on the beach in FL (or somewhere warm and beachy) :) ?
But (D) is a close second (Eating a warm cinnamon bun, snuggled on couch with her dogs at home in CT).
Why does the opportunity exist for preventive intervention for MEB disorders?
Retrospective studies have shown that half or more adults had their first episode as a child, adolescent, or young adult. The first symptoms of most disorders precede onset of the full-blown condition by several years.
What is personalized medicine?
In IOM Ch. 3, personalized medicine is a personalized form of prevention, or predictions based on early info about an individual that can lead to avoidance of a disorder.
Which of the following categories is/are considered disadvantage(s) of targeted prevention programs in the Offord (2000) article?
A. May be unappealing to the public and politicians
B. May have the greatest effect in those at lowest risk
C. Behaviorally inappropriate
D. Hard to detect an overall effect
E. A and B
F. A and C
G. A and D
What is (F) A and C?
A. May be unappealing to the public and politicians
C. Behaviorally inappropriate
As prevention researchers, why is it important for us to look at epidemiological findings such as age at onset of child or adolescent mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders to develop programs?
What is a window of opportunity? There is a window of opportunity from the age of the first symptom to the age of the first diagnosis, around 2-4 years, therefore it is important to identify early symptoms and design prevention programs to capitalize on this important prevention opportunity.
What is Kai’s favorite activity?
A. Run and play fetch
B. Gnaw a deer antler or plastic bone
C. Roll around in the grass/snow
D. Eat food or training treats
What is (C) Roll around in the grass/snow?
Factors that contribute to the variability in prevalence in estimates of MEB disorders in young people
Changes in taxonomy or definitions and criteria used for disorders in different versions of the DSM and the ICD
The evolution of assessment tools over the past few decades
Differences in the populations samples and the inclusion and exclusion criteria used
Surveys of young people typically also collect information from mothers, fathers, teachers, bringing a unique view of the young person
In 1998 the National Advisory Mental Health Council Workgroup on Mental Health Prevention proposed a significant modification to 1994 IOM report. The group said IOM system didn’t account for individuals with full-blown disorders. As a result they proposed preventive intervention research should include trials involving participants who....? (Hint 4 parts)
(a) Have no current symptoms/never symptomatic (b) Have current sub-clinical symptoms (c) Have currently diagnosed disorder/were symptomatic in the past (emphasis of prevention of relapse) (d) Have current diagnosed disorder (emphasis on prevention of comorbidity)
Under which category would you classify the following scenario: a parenting skills intervention is meant to be delivered to all members of a low-income community with a high level of crime and violence?
A. Universal preventive
B. Selective preventive
C. Indicated preventive
D. All of the above
What is (A) Universal preventive?
The National Advisory Mental Health Council (NAMHC) Workshop on Mental Disorders Prevention Research critiqued IOM’s definition of prevention as being too narrow and excluding those currently with symptoms. What is one potential problem and one potential benefit with expanding this definition of prevention in research and practice?
Problems:
- Failed to make a distinction between prevention and treatment, so all treatment could essentially be considered prevention
- Relabeling of treatment studies as prevention could dilute resources for prevention research for populations without a diagnosed disorder
Benefits:
- Integrates prevention and treatment research so methodological advances could be applied to each other
- Unified approach to improving public health could develop interventions with more incorporation of targeted screening and treatment in a broader preventive approach.
Where did Christian meet his wife?
What is middle school?