Inflammatory
A nurse is caring for a client with a chronic wound that has not healed for 3 months
what is chronic inflammation
A 5-year-old child presents with a fever of 102°F after bacterial infection. The fever is most likely the result of
Pyrogens altering the hypothalamic set point
known as acquired defenses
what is adaptive immunity?
produced by immune system during response to allergen
what is IgE (type I hypersensitivity)?
4 months on, antibody-mediated, due to ischemia in vessel walls of transplanted tissue
what is chronic tissue rejection?
A client presents with a localized red, warm, and swollen area on the leg after a cut.
what is innate inflammatory response
provides long-term protection after exposure, nonspecific and present at birth
what is innate immunity?
b cells and memory cells
what is humoral immunity?
causes cellular destruction, functional loss, damage to tissues (immune system attacks bodys own cells and tissues
what is IgM or IgG (type 2 hypersensitivity)?
bone marrow transplant attacks body and organs
what is graft vs. host?
A nurse notes redness, warmth, and swelling around a surgical incision 2 days after surgery
what is acute inflammatory response?
Enhance antibodies, Trigger inflammation, Promote bacterial lysis, and Recruit phagocytes
what are functions of complement proteins in innate immunity?
Helper T (CD4), cytotoxic T (CD8), and regulatory T
what are types of T cells?
Circulating antigen-antibody complexes accumulate in tissue
what is Type 3 hypersensitivity (complex-mediated)?
donor/recipient are related or unrelated, similar tissue types; most common
what is allogenic transplant?
immune process is responsible for the swelling that occurs during inflammation
what is increased capillary permeability?
block viral replication in uninfected cells
what are interferons?
A patient with HIV has a critically low CD4+ T-cell count. This type of immunity is most directly impaired
what is Adaptive cell-mediated immunity?
Cell-mediated (T cells), not antibody-mediated; antigen presentation results in cytokine release, severe tissue injury, and fibrosis
what is type 4 hypersensitivity (delayed)?
occurs within 3 months, is treatable, and manifests in fever, edema, etc
what is acute tissue response?
histamine-capillaries leak-phagocytes engulf-platelets seal wounds
what are steps of inflammatory response?
Phagocytosis by neutrophils, Inflammatory response, Natural killer (NK) cell activity
what are nonspecific defenses?
grants temporary passive immunity
what is maternal IgG for infants?
blood transfusion issues (wrong type)
what is type 2 hypersensitivity?
a period of time when a disease or medical condition is inactive or its symptoms have significantly improved
what is remission?