Building Blocks of Matter
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is a(n) _____.
A) electron
B) atom
C) isotope
B) atom
A (covalent or ionic) bond is formed as a result of an ongoing association between ions of opposite charge.
Ionic
True or False: A catalyst is a substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction
False, it increases the rate of the chemical reaction.
It decreases the energy threshold required for a reaction to occur.
CH4 is methane. Is it an inorganic or organic compound? why?
Organic - it contains a carbon-hydrogen bond
The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of ____.
A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
A) protons
Bonus: If I were to change the number of neutrons or electrons, what does that mean for the atom?
A (covalent or ionic) bond is formed when electrons are shared in a mutual relationship.
Covalent
The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is a(n) (anabolic or catabolic) reaction.
Anabolic
These elements are combined and Assembled into mineral crystals
Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?
A) phosphate
B) amino
C) adenine
B) amino
Bonus: what compound contains both A)phosphate and C) adenine?
Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?
2
Bonus: How many electrons exist in the first shell? How many in the second?
When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes a ____.
A) Cation
B) Anion
C) Ion
A) Cation and C) Ion
Remember, a cation is a positively charged ion
Catabolic reactions (release or utilize) energy.
Release; when bonds are broken energy is released
DNA is a nucleotide that forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n) ____.
Double helix
What determines an atom's stability and/or reactivity?
Hint: think electrons!
If its filled, it is more stable. If it is unfilled, it is more likely to react with another atom.
True or False: A covalent bond is stronger than a ionic bond
True
Saliva contains enzymes that facilitate the chemical breakdown of food. This is most likely because enzymes ___.
Increases the rate of the reaction by lowering the threshold level of energy required for a reaction to occur
Name an example of an important inorganic molecule in the body and its functional importance.
Hints: lots of possibilities!
water (H2O) - cushioning, temperature regulation, solvent
respiratory gases - O2 and CO2
ions:
- H+ and HCO3- are pH buffers that help maintain homeostasis
- Na+, Cl-, K+ - electrolytes that act in signal transmission including nerve conduction and muscle contraction
Oxygen, whose atomic number is eight, has three stable isotopes. 16O, 17O, and 18O. Explain what this means in terms of the number of protons and neutrons.
Protons - 8
Neutrons: 16-8, 17-9, 18-10
Bonus: what is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?
Explain how water molecules link via hydrogen bonds.
The weakly negative oxygen atom in one water molecule is pulled toward the weakly positive hydrogen atoms of two other water molecules.
(Aerobic or anaerobic) reactions occur in the mitochondrion of the cell and generates more ATP.
Aerobic, meaning the reaction utilizes oxygen
What prevents fats from being water soluble?
The hydrocarbon chains are hydrophobic (meaning "water fearing") - these neutrally charged fatty acid chains do not want to interact with the partially charged portions of the water molecule