♥️
This means irregular heartbeat
dysrhythmia or arrhtythmia
What is the hallmark symptom of heart failure?
Other symptoms?
orthopnea: difficulty breathing while laying flat, relived by sitting up/standing
other: SOB, esp. during exertion
What is heart failure?
CHRONIC condition
heart unable to pump effectively
Common MI s/s
s/s for women
SOB, diaphoresis, levine's sign
for women: fatigue, back pain, nausea
this infects the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
infective endocarditis
Test that measures how long it takes for the blood to clot
Prothrombin time (PT)
CHEST PAIN d/t transient myocardial ischemia
Angina Pectoris
Classic sign of RHF
hint: neck
JVD or jugular venous distention
MI leads to __________ + __________.
ischemia and necrosis of heart muscle tissue
These veins are often used in CABG surgery
internal mammary artery or saphenous vein
Risk factors for heart disease
High LDL = plaque buildup in arteries
Sedentary lifestyle
Poor diet
Older age
A specific MARKER for MI
cardiac troponin
RHF occurs when the right side fails to pump effectively, leading to ______ ______.
venous congestion
True or False:
CABG treats BOTH angina and MI by restoring blood flow to muscle
TRUE
This is a genetic condition that affects mostly young athletes d/t thickened heart muscles
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
Four main types of dysrhythmias
which is the most common in older adults?
brady, tachy, afib, vfib
afib most common in the elderly
acute event, d/t the rupture of an athersclerotic plaque
mycordial infarction aka heart attack
LHF causes __________ and leads to __________.
pulmonary congestion --> crackles
This is d/t long-term high bp in the pulmonary arteries and RHF; a result of COPD
COr PULMOnale
common risk factors of infective endocarditis
IV drug use
oeer dental hygiene
existing heart issues
Three factors that contribute to thrombosis
Virchows Triad
1. Venous stasis
2. Hypercoagulability
3. Endothelial injury
Patients with unstable angina need this medication and management
nitroglycerin taken everywhere
rest
Failure of the left side of the heart leads fluid to backup where?
lungs
What are the backward effects of RHF?
ascites (fluid buildup in ab cavity d/t venous pressure)
peripheral edema
hepatomegaly
The purpose of this test is to identify areas of reduced blood flow to the heart that may not be evident by rest
exercise stress test