CASE Day 1
LO
PBL LO 1
PBL LO 2
Case Day 2
100
This short-acting beta-2 agonist is commonly used as a rescue inhaler.
What is albuterol?
100
This pressure becomes more negative during inspiration, allowing the lungs to expand.
What is pleural pressure?
100
This final stage of lung development involves alveolar multiplication and continues into early childhood.
What is the alveolar stage?
100
Compared with systemic arterioles, pulmonary arterioles have thinner walls and this feature.
What is low smooth muscle content?
100
This lung volume represents air moved during a normal resting breath.
What is tidal volume?
200
This long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) reduces bronchoconstriction in COPD.
What is tiotropium?
200
In an upright person, this part of the lung receives the greatest ventilation due to higher compliance
What are the lung bases?
200
A lung region with perfusion but no ventilation has a V/Q ratio of this value.
What is zero?
200
In the lungs, this condition causes vasoconstriction to redirect blood flow away from poorly ventilated areas.
What is hypoxia?
200
This lung volume cannot be measured by simple spirometry and requires plethysmography.
What is residual volume?
300
A widened A–a gradient suggests V/Q mismatch or this gas exchange abnormality.
What is diffusion impairment?
300
This force pulls airways open as lung volume increases, decreasing airway resistance.
What is radial traction?
300
Compared to lung bases, the apices have this relative V/Q ratio due to gravity.
What is high V/Q?
300
This calculated value helps distinguish hypoventilation from V/Q mismatch or diffusion defects.
What is the A–a gradient?
300
This spirometry value is normally about 80% of the forced vital capacity in healthy adults.
What is FEV₁?
400
This tongue-like projection of the left upper lobe lies adjacent to the cardiac notch.
What is the lingula?
400
Increased egophony, whispered pectoriloquy, and fremitus most strongly suggest this lung pathology.
What is lung consolidation?
400
This pulmonary infection most commonly reactivates in the lung apices due to higher oxygen tension.
What is tuberculosis?
400
This COPD phenotype is defined by alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil.
What is emphysema?
400
A reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio is characteristic of this type of lung disease.
What is obstructive lung disease?
500
What was our patients name?
or
This intervention removes hyperinflated emphysematous lung to improve V/Q matching and dyspnea.
Bethany Northern
or
What is lung volume reduction surgery?
500
During forced expiration, this phenomenon limits airflow when pleural pressure exceeds airway pressure.
What is dynamic airway compression?
500
This asthma biologic targets IgE to reduce allergic airway inflammation.
What is omalizumab?
500
Chronic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in COPD ultimately leads to this form of right heart failure.
What is cor pulmonale?
500
Chronic lung transplant rejection causes fibrotic obliteration of small airways, known as this condition.
What is bronchiolitis obliterans?