Week 4

1

100

general somatic afferent

GSA - general sensation from skin

200

Nucleus of solitary tract project information from what CNs? What modality is it?

VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus); sensory/general visceral sensory 

300

sensory nuclei are located where relative to the sulcus limitans

laterally (s = side)

400

medial longitudinal fasciculus links what 3 CNs? and what other CN?

III - oculomotor; IV - trochlear; VI - abducens

also VIII - vestibulocochlear 

500

What impairments might you see with a Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) stroke?

loss of pain and temp  (spinothalamic tract)

loss of pain and temp on (spinal trigeminal tract)

 difficulty swallowing and weak voice (d/t nucleus ambiguus)

loss of gag reflex and sensation (d/t damage to CN IX)

AKA lateral medullary syndrome AKA Wallenburg's syndrome

2

100

special visceral afferent 

SVA - information from special senses of smell (olfaction) and taste (gustation)

200

Trigeminal sensory: principal nucleus involves what CNs? What modality is it?

V (trigeminal), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus); GSA (general sensory afferent)

300

the midbrain contains what brainstem nuclei?

audition/balance sensory nuclei (SSA)

somatic (general) motor nuclei (GSE)

visceral motor nuclei (GVE) aka general visceral efferent

400

the red nucleus is in what part of the brainstem?

rostral midbrain; level of superior colliculi 

500

Weber's syndrome damages what structures?

substantia nigra, corticospinal fibers, corticobulbar tract, oculomotor nerve fibers

3

100

general somatic efferent

GSE - to skeletal muscles

200

Hypoglossal nucleus is part of what modality?

general somatic efferent (GSE)

300

cranial nerve nuclei lie in what part of the brainstem?

(tectum, tegmentum, or basis)

tegmentum 

400

medial mid-pontine syndrome will affect what structures?

corticospinal tract; medial lemniscus; abducens nerve 

500

A medial mid-pontine stroke is due to occlusion of what artery and what impairments might you see?

basilar artery;

impairments:

1. spastic hemiparesis (d/t corticospinal tract)

2. loss of discriminative touch, pressure, proprioception and vibration (DCML)

3. lateral rectus mm paralysis (d/t CN VI involvement)

4

100

general visceral efferent

GVE - to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands (parasympathetic)

200

4 nuclei of CN X

1. dorsal nucleus of vagus N

2. Nucleus ambiguus

3. solitary nucleus

4. spinal trigeminal nucleus

300

DCML tract function and is it ascending or descending

ascending; fx: vibration, discriminative touch, pressure and proprioception 

400

where in the brainstem is the substantia nigra located?

midbrain

500

nucleus cuneatus carries information from what parts of the body?

nucleus gracilis carries information from what parts of the body? 

nucleus cuneatus - T6 and above (upper body) mechanosensation/proprioception

nucleus gracilis - T6 and below (lower body) mechanosensation/proprioception

5

100

3 nuclei that project or recieve information from more than 1 CN

Nucleus ambiguus, trigeminal sensory, nucleus of the solitary tract 

200

3 nuclei of CN VII

1. facial motor nucleus

2. superior salivatory nucleus

3. solitary nucleus  

300

corticospinal tract function, ascending or descending?

descending; fx: controls movements of limbs and trunk 

400

lesion to lateral medulla is called what?

Wallenburg's syndrome 

500

Weber's Syndrome is typically due to an occlusion of blood flow in which artery? What impairments might you see? What part of the brainstem is affected?

Posterior cerebral artery

1. parkinsonism (substantia nigra)

2. hemiparesis (corticospinal tract)

3. lower facial muscles, hypoglossal nerve functions (corticobulbar tract)

4. oculomotor nerve palsy, drooping eyelid and fixed dilated pupil pointed down and out (d/t superior oblique and lateral rectus being unopposed)

midbrain