Upsy Daisy
The correct methods for non-pharmacologic management of reflux include (3)
upright positioning
small frequent feeds
frequent burping
(thickening formula)
Diarrhea most frequently causes loss of this electrolyte
Potassium
Chronic constipation may be due to
physiologic reasons (secondary to other disorders)
environmental reasons
psychosocial reasons
What would you teach a parent of an infant who just received a colostomy for Hirshprung's disease (2)
1. Colostomy care
2. Colostomy is temporary
Vomiting most frequently causes loss of this electrolyte
Sodium
Breastfeeding should continue with acute diarrhea and dehydration because
Maintain milk supply for mother
continue to receive IgG/IgA from breastmilk
very low solute load, easy to digest
Furthermore, if tolerated, formula may be given, as may solid food
If a newborn doesn't pass the first meconium by 36 hours of life the infant should be evaluated for (3)
Hirshprung's disease
Meconium plug/meconium ileus/ Cystic Fibrosis
Hypothyroidism
Confirmation of Hirshprung's disease is made by
rectal biopsy
The difference between GER and GERD is
GER is simply the reflux, while GERD is associated with tissue damage
You can tell the difference between upper vs. lower GI bleeding by:
Upper GI bleeding
Esophagus
Stomach
“Coffee grounds” emesis
Hematemesis
Lower GI bleeding
Bright red (rectal bleeding)—hematochezia
Tarry stools—melena
A child is wheelchair bound due to a higher level spina bifida and is therefore constipated. Please describe what a bowel regimen is and it's purpose
A bowel regimen is meant to train the bowel to evacuate at particular times. It is accomplished with stool softeners, osmotic cathartics such a miralax and enemas.
The most obvious sign of a ruptured appendix is
sudden improvement in pain
GER is considered pathologic if
failure to thrive
bleeding
dysphagia
Signs of pyloric stenosis include
Nonbilious projectile vomiting
Visible peristalsis
Failure to thrive in infant who is “always hungry”
Dehydration
Metabolic acidosis
A major complication of Hirshprung's disease is
bowel perforation with enterocolitis
Signs of Intussusception include:
Sudden onset of abdominal pain
Abdominal mass “sausage like”
Bloody, mucoid stool