Emotion
Lesioning this brain region blocks fear conditioning.
Amygdala (note: amygdala does not just process fear, but the whole range of emotions)
characterized by saccadic eye movement, brain wave patterns similar to wakefulness, and loss of muscle tone.
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep
Brain Area that sends out melatonin.
Pineal Gland
brain region considered the gateway to the cortex
Type of conditioning when an aversive stimulus (such as an electric shock) is paired with neutral context (such as a location) or stimulus (such as a tone).
Fear Conditioning
When a particular stage of sleep ramps up with the more sleep you lose.
REM rebound
Region involved in 24 hour sleep cycle.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of the Hypothalamus (influenced by visual fibers and other senses to train 24 hr cycle)
syndrome characterized by a delusional belief that a person has been replaced by an imposter (knows who it is, but no emotional association).
Capgras syndome (areas that process faces become disconnected from the amygdala)
Part of the brain that is important in processing emotions for action selection.
Orbitofrontal Cortex
Brain wave frequency during wakefulness and quiet resting (2 answers)
Beta waves ( >14 Hz); Alpha waves (~10Hz)
System in Medulla that decides how awake you should be (severing it leads to a coma).
Ascending Reticular [Activating] System
Caused by parasite and leads a reduction in fear through scarring of the amygdala.
Toxoplasmosis
Part of area buried in the sulcus and plays a role in the bodily sensations related to emotions (butterflies in stomach, etc.)
Insula
Sleep stages with dominating Theta waves (4-7 Hz) and sleep stages with dominating Delta waves (0.5-2 Hz) (2 answers)
Stages 1-2 (stage 2 has sleep spindles); Stages 3-4
System that seems to trigger and coordinate dream sleep in particular.
Pontine Reticular System.
Possible cause of catalepsy (fainting goats).
Abnormality in descending reticular system.
Complete this circuit (emotional conditioning): Sensory input -> cortex -> ? -> ?
... -> Amygdala -> Hypothalamus
Waves of activity originating in the pons during REM that lead to hallucinatory visions like those in sleep (cortex suppressed during this).
Pons Geniculate Occipital (PGO) Waves
System that has an origin in the pons (where the PGO waves originate) that blocks muscle tone (prevents sleep walking)
Descending Reticular System
What happens if you keep animals awake? why?
they die because the immune system is compromised