Anatomy: Hip&Thigh
Name the three compartments of the thigh
anterior
medial
posterior
what two muscles form triceps surae?
gastrocnemius muscle
soleus muscle
Which phase runs from heel strike to toe-off?
stance phase (60%)
function of RANKL?
RANKL binds to RANK
stimulates pre-osteoclast to diffrentiate into mature ones ---> increases bone resorption.
which nerve supplies the medial thigh compartment
obturator nerve
sciatic nerve branches into what two nerves?
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve ---> deep and superficial fibular nerve
What happens to stability when base of support increases?
stability increases
Why is absorption of minerals low and competitive?
Have electrical charge:
1. stick to intestinal wall so dont get absorbed into bloodstream
2. chyme pushes sticky minerals down intestine and out
Name the muscles of the lateral rotators of the hip (at least 4)
Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
what muscle is important for the screw-home mechanism?
popliteus muscle (deep posterior compartment of the leg)
A patient lands toes first with an audible foot slap during contact.
What phase of gait is primarily disrupted and which movement is impaired?
heel strike disrupted
lack of dorsiflexion leads to high step
what 3 cytokines regulate bone remodelling?
1. prostaglandins
2. interleukin-1 and 6
3. TNF proteins: RANK L & OPG
A patient has injured the hamstrings. They cannot extend the hip but can flex the knee. Which one hamstring head might still be intact?
Short head of biceps femoris
Differentiate between superficial vs deep posterior leg compartments in terms of movements.
superficial: ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion
deep: ankle plantarflexion (less powerful), inversion, toe flexion
What gait produces contralateral pelvic drop? what muscles are involved?
Trendelenburg gait
weakness or dysfunction of the gluteus medius and minimus on the stance leg.
weakened abduction due to this ---> hip drops
name at least 3 potential treatments for osteoporosis.
1. Anti-resorptive agents: HRT, SERMS, Bisphosphonates
2. PTH
3. Anti-RANK MAb
4. Antisclerostin MAb